The name for a monosaccharide that has a carbonyl group in the middle. Give an example of one.
What is ketose, Fructose is an example?
100
Lipids are mostly hydrophobic because of this.
What is they have long non-polar hydrocarbon chains?
100
The bond between protein monomers is called this.
What is a peptide bond?
100
Two major sugars in nucleic acids.
What is ribose and deoxyribose?
100
The basic molecular formula (empirical formula) for a monosaccharide.
What is CH2O?
200
One of the major functions of carbohydrates is this, and the major carbohydrate responsible for this function is found in the muscles and liver.
What is energy, glycogen?
200
Bonds between lipids are called this.
What is ester linkages?
200
Name at least 4 functions of proteins.
What is structural support, storage, transport, signaling, cellular response to stimuli, movement, defense, catalysts(enzymes)?
200
The difference between the pyrimidine and purine families.
What is pyrimidines are 6 member nitrogenous bases and purines and 5 and 6 member fused ring nitrogenous bases?
200
The carbons that link to form glycosidic linkages in glucose to form maltose.
What is C1 and C4?
300
The disaccharide that forms when two glucose molecules join.
What is Maltose?
300
The components of a simple fat.
What is glycerol and three fatty acid chains?
300
The difference between a zwitterion and a polar molecule.
What is zwitterions have two oppositely charged particles on the ends of one molecule, while polar molecules have one partially negative and one partially positive end due to the uneven sharing of electrons??
300
Name the 3 major pyrimidines.
What is cytosine, thymine, uracil?
300
The structure of a fatty acid.
What is a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on the end?
400
The elements that all carbs are made of.
What is carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen?
400
The difference between the structure of saturated fat versus unsaturated fat.
What is saturated fat has linear hydrocarbon chains while unsaturated fats have cis-double bonds causing kinks in their chains?
400
How does the alpha helix secondary structure form?
What is every 3.6-4 peptides forms a hydrogen bond between a carbonyl and amine group twisting the polypeptide into a helical shape?
400
Explain how proteins are formed beginning with DNA in the nucleus.
What is DNA transcribes message onto mRNA, mRNA travels through the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it brings the message to a ribosome that produces the protein?
400
How trans fat is formed.
What is when unsaturated fat is artificially hydrogenated forcing it to be saturated creating trans bonds?
500
Draw the structure of glucose.
What is (will check answer)
500
Explain why phospholipids can form cell membranes providing a detailed explanation of their structure.
What is phospholipids have polar heads of phosphate groups and another chemical group, and non polar hydrocarbon tails, the hydrocarbon tails line up and face inward and the polar heads line up outwards facing the polar cell fluid?
500
What is denaturation and two reasons why denaturation occurs.
What is when a protein structure tertiary or quaternary is unwind caused by changes in pH, changes in temp?
500
Explain the structure of the double helix.
What is the phosphate groups are on the outside, connected to the sugar, which is connected to the nitrogenous base on the inside, two of these wrap around each other to form the double helix.
500
Explain what would happen to an amino acid as the environment's pH surrounding it increases.
What is the carboxyl group at the end of the structure donates H+ to the surrounding area to regulate and bring back down pH?