Genetics
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait/protein
What is mitosis?
Division of the nucleus
What does evolution mean?
Change in a population over time
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What process do plants use to make food?
Photosynthesis
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype = genetic makeup, Phenotype = physical expression
During what phase do chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is natural selection?
Survival and reproduction of the best adapted
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What do xylem and phloem transport?
Xylem = water, Phloem = sugars
If two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) have offspring, what percent show the recessive trait?
25%
What phase separates sister chromatids?
Anaphase
What are the three requirements for evolution by natural selection?
Variation, inheritance, and differential reproduction
What is the role of RNA?
It helps make proteins
What plant group lacks vascular tissue?
Bryophytes (mosses)
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous = same alleles, Heterozygous = different alleles
What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure DNA is correct before division
What type of evolution is caused by random change?
Genetic drift
What is transcription?
Making RNA from DNA
What is the main difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Angiosperms have flowers/fruits, gymnosperms do not
What inheritance pattern results in a blended trait (red + white = pink)?
Incomplete dominance
What could happen if cell cycle control fails?
Cancer/uncontrolled cell division
How does the environment influence evolution?
It selects which traits increase survival and reproduction
What Spreads the DNA Open
HELICASE
Why is alternation of generations important?
It allows both sexual and asexual reproduction stages