Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Ecology
Evolution & Biodiversity
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100
Which of the following statements best describes the reproduction of both viruses and cells?
A. Viruses and cells use mitosis to reproduce.
B. Viruses and cells must have a host to reproduce.
C. Viruses and cells must activate polar bodies to reproduce.
D. Viruses and cells need copies of their genetic material to reproduce.
100
Pompeii worms, Alvinella pompejana, live in tubes along hydrothermal vents on the sea floor. The worms are covered by a layer of bacteria. Scientists have discovered that the bacteria insulate the worms from the extreme heat of the vents, and the worms secrete mucus from glands on their backs to feed the bacteria.
Which of the following terms best applies to the relationship between the Pompeii worms and the bacteria?
A. competition
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predation
100
Millions of years ago, seawater flooded part of the Mississippi River Valley. Scientists have concluded that chorus frogs were affected by the flooding. The flooded areas formed geographic barriers between chorus frog populations for millions of years.
Which of the following most likely occurred as a result of the seawater flooding?
A. The frogs lost the tadpole stage of their life cycle.
B. Isolated populations of frogs became separate species.
C. The frogs’ eggs were fertilized by sperm of marine species.
D. Frog populations were protected from all the predators in their areas.
100
Plant species such as the sesame plant and the coconut palm have large amounts of lipids in their seeds. Which of the following is the most likely function of these lipids?
A. to store energy for the seedlings
B. to absorb water for the seedlings
C. to encode most of the genetic information in the seedlings
D. to speed up most of the chemical reactions in the seedlings
100
Plants and animals play major roles in cycling materials in ecosystems. The diagram below represents one particular cycle. Letters W and Y represent different processes. Letters X and Z represent different gasses.
Which of the following statements correctly identifies part of this cycle?
A. Letter W represents cellular respiration.
B. Letter X represents oxygen gas.
C. Letter Y represents transpiration.
D. Letter Z represents nitrogen gas.
200
An English doctor is given credit for developing the modern terrarium in the 1800s. The doctor kept some plants in a sealed glass jar containing soil and air. The plants survived in the sealed jar for four years.
What two processes allowed the plants to cycle nutrients and survive in the sealed jar?
A. meiosis and fertilization
B. mutualism and commensalism
C. photosynthesis and cellular respiration
D. asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
200
Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to an increase in a field mouse population?
A. the arrival of another herbivorous mammal
B. the presence of a greater number of predator snakes
C. the disappearance of a bird species that preys on the mouse
D. the lack of adequate rainfall for plants in the mouse’s habitat
200
A.
B.
C.
D.
200
The graph below shows the percent by mass of six common elements in the human body.
What are elements 5 and 6?
A. zinc and sulfur
B. sodium and iron
C. carbon and oxygen
D. chlorine and phosphorus
200
In some areas, nuts from trees are an important source of food for grizzly bears. Female bears eat the nuts to gain weight before they give birth to their cubs.
Based on this information, which of the following would most likely decrease the size of grizzly bear populations?
A. insect pests attacking the trees
B. birds building nests in the trees
C. climate conditions spreading tree pollen
D. soil conditions causing rapid tree growth
300
Which of the following types of organisms have cell walls composed of cellulose?
A. amoebas
B. birds
C. grasses
D. worms
300
Pioneer species are the first species to take hold in a barren area after a disaster has occurred. Based on the data, most of the pioneer species in this area were which of the following types of organisms?
A. algae
B. mosses
C. ferns
D. seed plants
300
In 1915, a disease killed almost all the oysters in a Canadian bay. The few oysters that survived reestablished the population. By 1940, the disease-causing organism was still present in the bay, but the size of the oyster population was greater than it was before 1915.
Which of the following statements describes what most likely occurred in the oyster population between 1915 and 1940?
A. The oysters that survived in 1915 bred with other species, so the offspring could not be infected by the disease anymore.
B. The oysters that survived in 1915 had offspring that learned to fight the disease, so disease rates in the oyster population were lower.
C. The oysters that survived in 1915 had resistance to the disease, so the proportion of resistant oysters in the population increased by natural selection.
D. The oysters that survived in 1915 mutated to reproduce more quickly, so the reproductive rate exceeded the disease rate in the oyster population.
300
Which of the following is an example of active transport?
A. chromosomes migrating during cell division
B. water diffusing throughout the cytoplasm of a cell
C. cilia moving rapidly to propel a single-celled organism through water
D. proteins moving ions from low to high concentration across a cell membrane
300
The diagram below shows a partial food web.
Based on the food web, which of the organisms acts as both a primary consumer and a secondary consumer?
A. fox
B. mouse
C. rabbit
D. toad
400
The diagram below summarizes a series of chemical reactions that occur in cells.
Which product of these reactions directly supplies energy to cells?
A. ATP
B. pyruvate
C. CO2
D. ethanol
400
The recolonization of this area by algae, mosses, ferns, and seed plants reestablished which trophic level in the devastated ecosystem?
A. decomposer
B. primary consumer
C. producer
D. secondary consumer
400
A. Snakes are more closely related to silk moths than to chickens.
B. Chickens and snakes evolved more recently than horses or whales.
C. Whales and penguins evolved more recently than any of the other organisms.
D. Horses and whales are more closely related to each other than the other pairs of organisms are.
400
The graph below shows the change in blood glucose level during prolonged exercise.
Which of the following statements explains the change in blood glucose level shown in the graph?
A. Glucose was broken down to produce ATP for energy.
B. Glucose diffused from muscle cells into the bloodstream.
C. Proteins combined with glucose to produce ADP for energy.
D. Polysaccharides were made from glucose in metabolic pathways.
400
Which of the following is the best example of immigration in a population?
A. Individuals in an algae population survive, grow, and reproduce during the warm summer months.
B. Females in a brown bear population give birth to their cubs in winter and come out of their dens in spring.
C. A large butterfly population lives in one area of southwestern England because the plant it feeds upon is located there.
D. A ring-necked pheasant population in Washington increases in size due to the arrival of more pheasants from another state.
500
The diagram below represents a single-celled organism.
Which labeled part identifies this single-celled organism as eukaryotic?
A. cell membrane
B. cytoplasm
C. flagellum
D. nucleus
500
Most organisms were unable to live in the area for the first six months after the eruption. Which of the following changes most likely needed to occur in the area so that organisms could return there?
A. increase in oxygen
B. increase in sunlight
C. increase in temperature
D. increase in soil nutrients
500
Two types of stickleback fish are found in a lake in British Columbia. One kind of stickleback is large, lives on the bottom of the lake, and eats other fish. The second kind of stickleback is small, lives in the open water, and eats plankton.
Based on this information, which of the following statements most likely describes the two kinds of stickleback fish?
A. They are two populations of the same species that will compete until one population is extinct.
B. They are two populations of the same species that will attract the same types of predators to the lake.
C. They are two different species that will evolve into one medium-sized species over time.
D. They are two different species that will remain reproductively isolated in different parts of the lake.
500
A flu virus can remain infectious on surfaces such as desks and doorknobs for long periods of time. How does the ability of the flu virus to remain infectious on surfaces lead to high rates of flu illness?
A. The virus has time to grow to a very large size.
B. The virus can go through many reproductive cycles.
C. The virus has many chances to enter a host in which it will reproduce.
D. The virus can exchange genetic material with other disease-causing agents.
500
The graph below shows changes in the size of a mammal population in the early 1900s.
Which of the following explanations is the most likely reason for the dramatic population change between 1915 and 1925?
A. a decrease in the birth rate of the mammal population
B. an increase in the death rate of the mammal population
C. a large decrease in the number of the mammal’s predators
D. a large increase in snowfall for several months in the mammal’s habitat