Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Ecology
Genetics
Evolution & Biodiversity
Anatomy & Physiology
100
What directly supplies the energy a cell needs for activities such as moving its cilia or transporting molecules against a concentration gradient?
A. ATP
B. hemoglobin
C. RNA
D. triglycerides
100
Which of the following statements describes how reproducing asexually in humans is advantageous to Plasmodium?
A. Plasmodium can greatly increase its genetic diversity.
B. Plasmodium can quickly produce many new copies of itself.
C. Plasmodium can change the number of chromosomes that it has.
D. Plasmodium can create zygotes that the immune system does not attack.
100
A particular species of moth can have green or yellow scales on its wings. The scale color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, the green allele and the yellow allele. When moths that are homozygous for green scales are mated with moths that are homozygous for yellow scales, 100% of the offspring have green scales.
Based on this information, how do the alleles for scale color interact?
A. The green allele is dominant to the yellow allele.
B. The green allele is recessive to the yellow allele.
C. The green allele and the yellow allele are codominant.
D. The green allele and the yellow allele are incompletely dominant.
100
The illustrations below show the embryos of a fish, a reptile, and a bird at the same stage of development.
Which of the following can be concluded from the illustrations?
A. All the embryos grow at the same rate.
B. All the embryos will develop identical structures.
C. All the organisms share a recent common ancestor.
D. All the organisms will be the same relative size as adults.
100
A company provides genetic analysis to people who want to learn more about their ancestors. One couple sent the company samples of their biological children’s cells as well as samples of their own cells for testing.Which of the following describes how the genetic material in the chromosomes of the children will compare to the genetic material in the chromosomes of the parents?
A. Each child will have all of the mother’s genetic material and all of the father’s genetic material.
B. The daughters will have exactly the same genetic material as the mother, and the sons will have exactly the same genetic material as the father.
C. About half of the genetic material in each child will be the same as the mother’s, and about half of the genetic material will be the same as the father’s.
D. Half of the children will have exactly the same genetic material as the mother, and half of the children will have exactly the same genetic material as the father.
200
Because most nerve cells do not typically undergo mitosis, they are generally not capable of which of the following?
A. producing enzymes
B. generating more nerve cells
C. performing cellular respiration
D. transporting ions against a concentration gradient
200
Carbon fixation is an important part of the carbon cycle. Carbon fixation is the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds such as glucose.Which of the following organisms cannot fix carbon?
A. grass
B. green algae
C. mushrooms
D. oak trees
200
Six puppies from a single litter have the following genotypes for a certain trait: AA, Aa, AA, aa, aa, Aa. Which of the following describes how these alleles were passed on from parent to offspring?
A. Each parent dog randomly passed on a dominant allele (A) or a recessive allele (a) to each offspring.
B. The male dog passed on a dominant allele (A) to each female offspring and a recessive allele (a) to each male offspring.
C. The female dog chose to pass on either homozygous dominant alleles (AA) or homozygous recessive alleles (aa) to each offspring.
D. One parent dog passed on a dominant allele (A) to each offspring, and the other parent dog passed on a recessive allele (a) to each offspring.
200
An aquarium contains two brine shrimp populations, Artemia sinica and Artemia franciscana. An individual from the A. sinica population and an individual from the A. franciscana population are unable to do which of the following?
A. grow under the same conditions
B. compete for the same food source
C. produce fertile offspring with each other
D. break down the same types of sugars for energy
200
In the human heart, a group of cells in the wall of the right atrium produces nerve impulses that stimulate cardiac muscle. What do these nerve impulses directly control?
A. the amount of oxygen in the blood
B. the release of platelets into the blood
C. the speed at which the heart pumps blood
D. the path blood takes when it leaves the heart
300
Collagen is found in connective tissue throughout the human body. Collagen is made of three amino acid chains that are twisted around one another.
Which of the following best explains why collagen is classified as a protein?
A. It is found in a tissue.
B. It is made up of amino acids.
C. It is made up of twisted chains.
D. It is found throughout the human body.
300
Early explorers in the United States often observed huge flocks of passenger pigeons. In the 1800s, hunters began netting and shooting the birds in huge numbers to sell as food. In 1914, passenger pigeons were declared extinct when the last one died at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Which of the following best explains why passenger pigeons became extinct?
A. Humans consumed the passenger pigeons’ main source of food.
B. Zookeepers did not understand how to keep passenger pigeons alive.
C. Hunters killed passenger pigeons faster than the pigeons could reproduce.
D. Passenger pigeon populations were so large that there was not enough food for them to survive.
300
In four o’clock plants, the allele for red flower color is incompletely dominant to the allele for white flower color. As a result, plants that are heterozygous for flower color have pink flowers. If two plants with pink flowers are crossed, what are the expected percentages of phenotypes in the offspring?
A. 0% red, 100% pink, 0% white
B. 25% red, 50% pink, 25% white
C. 50% red, 0% pink, 50% white
D. 50% red, 50% pink, 0% white
300
Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?
A. Mastodons walked on four legs like modern-day elephants.
B. Mastodons ate a diet similar to that of modern-day elephants.
C. Mastodon fossils were found in the same area where modern-day elephants live.
D. Mastodon tissues contained protein sequences similar to those of modern-day elephants.
300
What is the typical path that dietary cholesterol takes through the digestive system, from the mouth to where it is absorbed into the bloodstream?
A. mouth → esophagus → pharynx → small intestine → stomach
B. mouth → pharynx → esophagus → small intestine → stomach
C. mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine
D. mouth → esophagus → stomach → pharynx → small intestine
400
Some bacteria produce cellulase, a substance that speeds up the breakdown of cellulose in plant cell walls. Cellulase is an example of which of the following?
A. a carbohydrate
B. an enzyme
C. a hormone
D. an organelle
400
A female Hymenoepimecis wasp will temporarily paralyze a spider and then lay an egg on the spider’s abdomen. After the paralysis wears off, the spider resumes its normal activity. When the egg hatches, the larva grows by sucking its required nutrients from the spider.
What type of relationship exists between the spider and the Hymenoepimecis wasp?
A. commensalism
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predator-prey
400
Lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA all exist in human cells as long molecular chains. Which of the following describes how DNA differs from lipids and carbohydrates?
A. Only DNA has carbon atoms.
B. Only DNA is found in the cytoplasm.
C. Only DNA is needed to create new cells.
D. Only DNA contains genetic information.
400
A scientist hypothesizes that a bird species on a particular island may be closely related to a species on a nearby island. Which of the following types of information would be most useful for determining how closely related the two bird species are?
A. the diets of the species
B. the behaviors of the species
C. the DNA sequences of the species
D. the physical appearances of the species
400
Which of the following changes will most likely decrease the risk of atherosclerosis?
A. decreasing the permeability of cells’ plasma membranes
B. slowing the rate at which vitamins and hormones are produced
C. raising the amount of HDL cholesterol released into blood
D. increasing the rate at which LDL cholesterol is produced by the liver
500
The bacterium E. coli is a model organism used by many scientists for genetic and biochemical research. Which of the following statements helps explain why E. coli is so frequently used for research?
A. It has a large nucleus and a long generation time.
B. It has hundreds of chromosomes and a long lifespan.
C. It has a simple cell structure and reproduces rapidly.
D. It has many kinds of organelles and reproduces sexually.
500
Which of the following processes removes carbon from the air and uses it to make organic compounds?
A. combustion
B. decomposition
C. photosynthesis
D. respiration
500
A plant breeder has a plant with the dominant phenotype for a single-gene trait. The breeder wants to figure out the plant’s genotype by doing a testcross. The results of the testcross will be different depending on whether the plant is homozygous or heterozygous for the trait. In the testcross, the plant should be crossed with which of the following?
A. a plant that has multiple genes for the trait
B. a plant that has never been crossed for the trait
C. a plant that is homozygous recessive for the trait
D. a plant that is homozygous dominant for the trait
500
Which of the following provides the weakest scientific evidence that two species have a common ancestor?
A. comparing fossils
B. comparing food sources
C. comparing genetic information
D. comparing homologous structures
500
Besides producing cholesterol and bile, which of the following is a function of the liver?
A. digesting fiber
B. making red blood cells
C. removing toxins from blood
D. storing stomach contents for digestion