Endosymbiotic Theory
This is the definition of endosymbiosis.
What is: when one organism engulfs another but results in the engulfed organism living symbiotically inside of the other.
This is the region in a prokaryotic cell where the genetic material is concentrated, as they lack a true nucleus.
What is the Nucleoid?
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration, ATP production, would be found in high numbers within cells that need a lot of energy.
What is the Mitochondria?
This structural component of the plasma membrane is described as a "fluid mosaic" and is composed of a double layer of a molecule with a polar end and a non-polar end.
What is the Phospholipid Bilayer?
This is the initial stage of photosynthesis that requires light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.
What is the Light-Dependent Reaction?
The green, disc-like structure that captures sunlight and is thought to have been a photosynthetic prokaryote.
What is the Chloroplast?
Name one cell structure found in prokaryotes that is not a membrane-bound organelle.
What is the cell wall, capsule, flagella, pili, or ribosome?
Ribosomes are made here before passing through the nuclear pores into either the cytoplasm or to the Rough ER.
What is the Nucleolus?
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
What is Osmosis?
Without any light, the function of this specific reaction will be disrupted first.
What is the Light-Dependent Reaction?
This energy-generating organelle is believed to have originated from an engulfed aerobic prokaryote.
What is the Mitochondria?
These are the prokaryotic membranes in order from inner-most to outer-most.
What are the plasma membrane, cell wall, and capsule?
This organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or for secretion.
What is the Golgi apparatus/complex?
This type of transport, which includes the sodium-potassium pump, requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
What is Active Transport?
This is the reason why you can't leave a plant alone in a sealed contained box, even if you provided water and sunlight.
What is: the plant needs to perform gas exchange through their stomata, where the CO2 needs to enter and the O2 needs to leave. Eventually the plant will suffocate in a sealed box.
This is an explanation of this image (I need to pull it up seperately)
All organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) on earth are related, where eubacteria (bacteria) and archaea came first, and eukaryotes came after. We can also see that eukaryotes originated from prokaryotes.
This is the primary structural difference that prevents prokaryotes from carrying out specialized functions in separate compartments, unlike eukaryotes.
What is the lack of membrane-bound organelles?
This organelle in eukaryotic cells is in charge of detoxifying chemicals from the cell (and the body)
What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?
The movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is described as moving against this.
What is the Concentration Gradient?
This is how the Calvin Cycle works.
What is: this takes place in the stroma, and the cell uses the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions, converts carbon dioxide (which entered through the stomata) into glucose, with a byproduct of oxygen.
This is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes (explain all details you know)
What is: aerobic cells were able to use 'toxic' oxygen and convert it into energy (ATP) and water. Anaerobic cells provide food and protection the aerobic bacteria, don't need oxygen to survive, and thrived as the first lifeforms on earth.
This is the primary difference in the shape of the genetic material between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
What is: prokaryotes have circular DNA and eukaryotes have linear DNA/chromosomes?
This is the crucial organelle of a plant cell which would allow a droopy plant to become upright again after being placed in fresh water.
What is the Central Vacuole?
A solution with a very high solute concentration, causing water to move out of a cell and causing the cell to shrink.
What is a Hypertonic Solution?
This is the reason why the Calvin Cycle cannot occur before the Light-Dependent Reaction.
What is: the Calvin Cycle requires the energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH) produced by the Light-Dependent Reaction?