Water, Bonds & Biomolecules
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
According to cell theory, all cells come from this.
What are preexisting cells?
This type of transport moves substances down a concentration gradient without energy.
What is passive transport?
This is the primary function of cellular respiration.
What is producing ATP?
DNA differs from RNA because DNA contains this sugar and base.
What are deoxyribose and thymine?
This property of water explains why it sticks to itself.
What is cohesion?
This type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
The plasma membrane is primarily composed of these two components.
What are phospholipids and proteins?
This stage of respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is glycolysis?
This enzyme adds nucleotides during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
This property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.
What is polarity?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This type of diffusion requires transport proteins but no ATP.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Oxygen’s role in respiration is to do this.
What is accept electrons?
This type of mutation involves insertion or deletion of nucleotides.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This macromolecule provides quick energy and is built from monosaccharides.
What are carbohydrates?
This is the main advantage of membranous compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells.
What is allowing different chemical conditions in different regions of the cell?
A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will do this.
What is shrink?
This process uses a proton gradient to power ATP synthase.
What is chemiosmosis?
Homologous chromosomes separate during this phase.
Changes in a protein’s shape that cause loss of function are called this.
What is denaturation?
Daily Double: This organelle is malfunctioning in Tay-Sachs disease.
What is the lysosome?
Daily Double: These molecules require transport proteins to cross the plasma membrane.
What are ions?
Daily Double: If the inner mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons, ATP production would do this.
What is decrease?
A mutation occurs in a gene, but the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein does not change.
What is a silent mutation?