Bio Basics
What tool gives the most precise liquid measurement?
Graduated cylinder.
Which macromolecule does the body digest first for energy?
Carbohydrates.
Which organelle controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
What type of transport requires energy to move substances into the cell?
Active Transport
What lowers the activation energy of a reaction?
A catalyst
What two things are taken in during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What are substances that promote cancer called?
Carcinogens
What is a control group?
The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment.
or
The group in an experiment that is used to compare the results.
Which trophic level consists of organisms that produce their own food?
Producers (autotrophs)
What is the dependent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is measured or observed.
What macromolecule is involved in muscle contraction?
Proteins.
Which organelle produces ATP for the cell?
Mitochondria.
How does the cell engulf large molecules?
Endocytosis
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
Stores and transfers energy.
What important molecule is produced in light-independent reactions?
Glucose
What step produces the most ATP in cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain.
What is a malignant tumor?
A tumor that spreads and invades other parts of the body.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction based on observations.
What trophic level do primary consumers occupy in a food chain?
The second trophic level.
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is changed or manipulated by the scientist.
What type of macromolecule stores the most energy per gram?
Lipids
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus/membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.
Which type of passive transport involves the movement of molecules through protein channels in the cell membrane?
Facilitated diffusion.
In an ecosystem, which type of organism has the most energy available to it?
Producers
What is the purpose of photosynthesis for plants?
To produce food in the form of glucose.
What 2 electron carriers are made during the Krebs Cycle?
NADH and FADH2
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
Why are constants important in an experiment?
They ensure that only the independent variable affects the outcome.
How does biomass change as you move up trophic levels?
Biomass decreases by 10% because energy is lost
What should you always refer to when writing a conclusion?
The hypothesis.
Which macromolecule contains genetic information?
Nucleic acids.
Which organelle digests worn-out cell parts?
Lysosomes
In a hypotonic solution, what happens to a red blood cell?
Water moves into the cell due to osmosis, swelling and potentially bursts (lyse)
What happens to energy as it moves up trophic levels in a food chain?
Energy decreases significantly; only about 10% is passed to the next level
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O+light→C6H12O6+6O2
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+36−38ATP
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells.
What does a valid experiment require?
It can be repeated and have consistent results.
Which trophic level would carnivores that eat herbivores belong to?
Secondary consumers.
List the correct steps of the Technological Design Process.
Problem Identification, Solution Design, Implementation, and Evaluation.
What are the monomers of proteins called?
Amino acids
What organelle acts as a whipping propeller to move the cell?
Flagella
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of active transport?
Molecular pump
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain shows a single line of energy flow, while a food web represents all the energy flow pathways in an ecosystem
What are the steps (in order) of photosynthesis?
1. Light-dependent Reaction (ETC)
2. Light-independent Reaction (Calvin cycle)
What are the three steps (in order) of cellular respiration?
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. ETC
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure proper cell growth and DNA replication.
What are the two types of data collected in experiments?
Qualitative and quantitative.
Make a labeled energy pyramid with the following organisms
Plant
Grasshopper
Bird
Hawk
Tertiary Consumer (Top): Hawk 0.1%
Secondary Consumer: Bird 1%
Primary Consumer: Grasshopper 10%
Producer (Base): Plant 100%