Cell Organelles
Which cell organelle creates ATP (energy)?
The Mitochondria
What is the structure of DNA called?
A Double Helix.
What is the correct order of the steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription then Translation
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Mr. O’Ryan has blue eyes. Mrs. O’Ryan is heterozygous for brown eyes. What are the eye color possibilities of their son, Kellan O’Ryan? *Use letter B.*
50% chance of blue and 50% chance of brown
Every individual inherits how many copies of a gene?
Two
What cell organelle protects and houses the genetic information of the cell?
The Nucleus
What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.
What is the goal of Translation?
To read the mRNA sequence and begin linking amino acids together to make a protein.
n a certain fish, blue scales (BB) and red scales (RR) are codominant. When a fish has the hybrid genotype, it has a patchwork of blue and red scales.
What is the genotype for blue fish? ______________
What is the genotype for red fish? ______________
What is the genotype for patchwork fish? ___________
Blue Fish: BB
Red Fish: RR
Patchwork Fish: BR
In what type of inheritance does the dominant allele always masks the recessive allele?
Complete dominance
Name two differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts while animal cells do not. Animal cells have small vacuoles while plant cells have a large vacuole. Animal Cells have lysosomes while plant cells do not.
What are at least two differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded, has the base thymine, has the sugar deoxyribose, and it cannot leave the nucleus. RNA is single stranded, has the base Uracil, has the sugar ribose, and it can leave the nucleus.
What is the goal of Transcription?
To convert DNA into an mRNA message
In a certain fish, blue scales (BB) and red scales (RR) are codominant. When a fish has the hybrid genotype, it has a patchwork of blue and red scales.
What happens if you breed a patchwork fish with a fish that only has Blue Scales?
What is the probability of having fish with red scales? ________%
What is the probability of having fish with patchwork scales? _________%
0% Red scales 50% Patchwork scales
In what type of inheritance does both traits show equally when there is a heterozygous phenotype?
Codominance
What are the small rings of DNA that can be exchanged between bacterial cells called?
Plasmids
What form is DNA in eukaryotic cells versus prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids for prokaryotes and chromosomes for eukaryotes.
Create a complimentary strand for the following:
AAT CGC TAC
TTA GCG ATG
In Andalusian fowls (a type of chicken), black is incompletely dominant to white. A homozygous black bird is crossed with a homozygous white bird; the offspring are all bluish gray. Show what would happen if the bluish gray offspring mates with a white bird - is there a chance of a black chick?
No there is not a chance of a black chick.
In what type of inheritance does the heterozygous phenotype= a blend of alleles?
Incomplete dominance
What four things are found in all cell types?
Cell membrane/Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleic acids, and Ribosomes.
What is a nucleotide made up of?
A phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.
Transcript the following:
ATC GCC TAG
UAG CGG AUC
A mom with O blood and a dad with AB blood have a child. What is the probability of the child having A blood?
50% chance
Match the alleles with the correct type of inheritance:
AA
BW
RR'
Complete dominance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance