Cellular Structures
What is one function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and support.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.
What are the characteristics of living things?
Living things are made up of cells, can reproduce, based on a universal genetic code(DNA), respond to environment, maintain homeostasis, evolve, develop, obtain, and use materials and energy.
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs produce their own food (e.g., plants through photosynthesis), while heterotrophs obtain food from other organisms (e.g., animals).
What is the Cell Theory?
- All living things are made up of cells
-Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
-New cells are produced by existing cells
What are the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without a nucleus (e.g., bacteria), while eukaryotes are multicellular organisms with a nucleus (e.g., plants and animals).
Write the equation for cellular respiration.
The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP
Define homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Explain the importance of red light opposed to green light for plant growth.
Red light is important for plant growth because it is absorbed by chlorophyll and drives the photosynthesis process, unlike green light which chlorophyll reflects.
Define evolution in biological terms.
Evolution is the change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations through processes like natural selection.
Describe the function of mitochondria.
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, which is used for cellular activities.
What is cell specialization?
Cell specialization is the process by which cells develop into specific types to perform particular functions.
What are reactants in a chemical reaction?
Reactants are the starting substances in a chemical reaction that undergo changes to form products. (They are on the left hand side of the arrow in the equation)
What are the levels of organization of an organism in order?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Describe the process of active transport.
Active transport is the process by which cells move substances against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).Substances move from a low concentration to a higher concentration.
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
What are products in a chemical reaction?
Products are the substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction. (They are on the right side of the arrow in the equation)
What is adhesion?
Attraction between molecules of difference substances. (Ex. Water adhering to the glass container or graduated cylinder)
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles, while animal cells do not have these structures.
Explain how ATP is involved in cellular processes.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell because it provides energy for cells to perform functions.
What is bias in scientific research?
A personal point of view that can be for or against something, rather than a scientific point of view that is open-minded.
What structure in the chloroplasts contain pigments?
Thylakoids contain the pigment chlorophyll.
Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, creating a cycle of energy flow in ecosystems.