Organic Compounds + Enzymes
What is a monomer?
The pieces that make a macromolecule; the building blocks
What are the 5 levels of organization?
Cells -> Tissue -> Organ -> System -> Organism
What is homeostasis?
Stable internal balance
What are the reactancts of photosynthesis?
energy (sunlight), water, carbon dioxide
Draw and label a nucleotide
Answers may vary.
What are the four organic compounds?
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acid
List 3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
1. pro is smaller
2. pro is older
3. pro has no nucleus
4. DNA in pro floats in cytoplasm
5. different reproduction
What are the 2 differences between active transport and passive transport?
- passive: NO energy
- passive: high to low
In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? What about cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis: chloroplast
Respiration: mitochondria (aerobic), cytoplasm (anaerobic)
Describe the process of DNA Replication.
1. start with DNA
2. helicase unzips DNA
3. new complementary bases match up
4. DNA polymerase glues new strands
5. end with 2 separate, identical DNAs
Explain how an enzyme can denature.
As a result of a change in temperature or pH, the active site changes shape and no longer works.
Calculate the total magnification below:
eyepiece: 10 objective lens: 10
100x
What are the differences between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic?
hypo: water enters cell
hyper: water leaves cell
iso: water enters and exits at same rate
Draw formula for aerobic respiration. Label the reactants and products.
Glucose + O2 --> H2O + ATP +CO2
Reactants --> Products
Fill in the blanks: DNA is _______ into new, identical DNA strands. DNA is ___________ RNA. Then, RNA is _________ into amino acids. Amino acids are connected by _________ bonds to form ________.
DNA is REPLICATED into new, identical DNA strands. DNA is TRANSCRIBED RNA. Then, RNA is TRANSLATED into amino acids. Amino acids are connected by PEPTIDE bonds to form PROTEINS.
Select one of the four organic compounds. What are the following: function, monomer, elements, and examples.
1. Carbs: provides energy, monosaccharide, CHO, glucose/cellulose/starch
2. Lipids: long term energy, triglyceride (fatty acids + glycerol), CHO, phospholipid/butters/steroids
3. Protein: regulate body activity, amino acids, CHON, insulin/enzyme/hemoglobin
4. Nucleic Acid: instructions for proteins, nucleotide, CHONP, DNA/RNA
Name 5 organelles and their functions.
Answers may vary
List the 3 types of passive transport and explain the differences.
1. osmosis: movement of water
2. diffusion: movement of small particles
3. facilitated diffusion: movement of large molecules through protein channels
List 3 differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic repsiration.
1. reactants for aerobic= glucose + oxygen; anerobic is glucose only
2. aerobic produces more ATP
3. aerobic happens in mitochondria, anaerobic is cytoplasm
Transcribe this DNA into RNA.
GCT ACC GTA AGT
CGA UGG CAU UCA
Draw how an enzyme works. Label the following terms: enzyme, substrate, active site, enzyme-substrate complex, and products.
Answers may vary.
How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?
During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.
Draw and label the phospholipid bilayer. Label the following: head(s), tail(s), protein pump, protein channel
Answers may vary
Describe the 2 types of anaerobic respiration.
1. lactic acid fermentation: occurs in organisms like yeast and plants
2. alcoholic fermentation: occurs in muscles when they d/n get enough oxygen
John has blue eyes. The amino acid sequence is lysine- tryosine- serine. What is the original DNA sequence?
1. lysine - tryosine - serine
2. AAA or AAG - UAU or UAC - CGU or CGC <-- mRNA
3. TTT or TTC - ATA or ATG - GCA or GCG