Biological Classification
What do we mean by binomial nomenclature?
Naming an organism with its genus and species name
Where would you be most likely to find bacteria from the Archaea?
On a moldy sandwich
On your dog's paws
In the digestive tracts of cows
In the digestive tracts of cows
What shape cells do bacilli (singular bacillus) have?
Rod shaped
What is the difference between a photoautotroph and a chemoautotroph?
Photoautotrophs need energy from the sun to do photosynthesis; chemoautotrophs use inorganic chemicals to do photosynthesis.
In conjugation, what do we call the circular piece of DNA that can be transferred separately from the main DNA?
Plasmid
What language do biological names come from (genus, species, and the other categories)?
Latin
What domain do 1-celled organisms belong in if they live in extreme environments such as very hot, very cold, very salty, or deep in the ocean? What is their "nickname"?
Domain Archaea
Extremophiles
What shape are spirillum bacteria?
Spiral shaped
What is the difference between aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes?
Aerobic bacteria MUST have oxygen; facultative anaerobes can live with or without oxygen (when they have oxygen they do cellular respiration; when they do not, they switch to fermentation)
What do we call the process of bacteria receiving new traits through being infected by a virus?
Transduction
Name the 7 levels of taxons starting trom broadest and going to most narrow (start with "K")
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Where do thermophiles live? Give an example.
In very hot environments. Hot springs of Yellowstone National Park or deep sea hydrothermal vents.
What do we call an organism that feeds on dead matter?
Saprophyte
Name three conditions for optimum bacterial growth
Moisture
Proper temperature
Food source
Darkness or limited light
Proper amount of oxygen
If a bacterium receives a new trait that it did not previously have, and it did NOT participate in conjugation, what might have happened? (2 possibilities)
Transformation or transduction
In some recent classification systems, what category is added before Kingdom?
Domain
What are halophiles and where might you find them?
Salt-loving archaea. Great Salt Lake or Dead Sea
What is the main difference between bacteria and viruses?
Bacteria have living cells and can reproduce on their own. Viruses have only a protein coat and DNA or RNA, no actual cell, and cannot reproduce on their own.
What would be approximate temperatures that would be good for bacterial growth?
30-50 F
50-70 F
80-100 F
80-100 F
What is the difference between binary fission and conjugation?
Binary fission takes one cell and splits it into 2 (identical cells)
Conjugation temporarily joins two cells and transfers a plasmid of DNA with a special trait from one to another. It is not reproduction.
In the three domain system, what are the three domains?
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Would antibiotics generally kill Archaea?
No, they are typically resistant
What do we call bacteria that do no absorb a purple-blue dye but remain a pinkish red after staining? These bacteria also have a cell wall with a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an extra cell membrane?
a. Gram negative
b. Gram positive
c. Archaea
a. Gram negative
What is the name of the structure formed in some bacteria that allows it to survive through very harsh conditions such as no water, cold temperatures, high temperatures, etc.
Endospore (thick wall/hard layers enclosing the DNA and essential parts)
Explain the process of transformation
Living bacteria (recipients) take up DNA from dead bacteria (nonfunctional donors) that have decomposed