DNA Technology
This term refers to technology used to manipulate an organism’s DNA by inserting DNA from another organism.
What is genetic engineering?
These bacterial proteins cut DNA into fragments.
What are restriction enzymes?
DNA fragments from different sources combined together form this.
What is recombinant DNA?
This field studies an organism’s entire genome.
What is genomics?
This process separates an individual’s unique DNA fragments to observe patterns used in criminal cases and paternity tests.
What is DNA typing?
The total DNA present in the nucleus of a cell is called this.
What is the genome?
This specific restriction enzyme leaves sticky ends when cutting DNA.
What is EcoRI?
These are common vectors used to transfer DNA between organisms.
What are plasmids and viruses?
Only this percentage of human DNA actually codes for proteins.
What is 2%?
These organisms—such as soybeans, corn, and canola—are genetically engineered to contain DNA from other species.
What are transgenic plants?
This process uses electric current to separate biological molecules by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
These ends created by some restriction enzymes help DNA fragments bond with new DNA.
What are sticky ends?
Small, circular, double‑stranded DNA molecules used as vectors are called this.
What are plasmids?
Scientists used these to combine DNA fragments before cloning and sequencing them.
What are vectors?
This variation occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered.
What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
This technique makes millions of copies of a specific DNA segment once the sequence is known.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
This tool separates DNA fragments to create a visible pattern used in DNA typing
What is gel electrophoresis?
This process creates large amounts of recombinant DNA.
What is gene cloning?
Comparing human DNA to organisms like fruit flies, mice, and E. coli helps scientists do this.
What is interpret new genes and functions?
This field studies how genetic inheritance affects a person’s response to drugs.
What is pharmacogenomics?
This field creates and maintains databases of biological information.
What is bioinformatics?
Scientists look for these sequences—beginning with AUG and ending with a stop codon—when identifying genes in bacteria and yeast.
What are open reading frames (ORFs)?
Organisms that contain genes from another organism are called this.
What are transgenic organisms?
This technology allows many genes to be studied at once using DNA fragments on a slide or chip.
What is a DNA microarray?
This technique aims to correct mutated, disease‑causing genes.
What is gene therapy?