1
The two macromolecules of nucleic acids are ______ and _______
DNA and RNA
What is the amount of matter in an object called?
What charge are neutrons?
neutral
A substance has a pH of 9. Is it an acid or a base?
Base
What is an ion?
A positively or negatively charged atom.
Organic molecules have to have what element?
Carbon
How many electrons can the second orbital hold?
Up to 8.
Water is the _______________ solvent.
Universal
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
What is the difference between an element and its isotope?
The number of neutrons.
______________ ___________ make water "sticky."
Hydrogen bonds
T or F NaCl is an organic molecule.
False
What is an ionic bond?
A bond where electrons are TRANSFERRED to another atom.
What are one of the principal sources of food energy for animals?
Carbs
What is a covalent bond?
A bond in which atoms SHARE electrons.
A water molecule is a polar compound. What does this mean?
The O atom is slightly negative, and the H atoms are slightly positive.
What organic molecule is involved in virtually every chemical reaction that supports life?
Proteins
The scientific name for fat is _________.
Lipids
What three elements do carbohydrates contain?
H, C, O
Give an example of a steroid.
Estrogen, testosterone, cholesterol.
Explain the ratio of H to O in carbohydrates.
96% of the mass of living things are made up of these elements: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and ____
C, H, N, O, P, S
"Carbo" stands for ____________ and "hydrate" means ______________.
Carbon, to add water
What has to happen for a monosaccharide to combine into a disaccharide or polysaccharide?
The basic building blocks of life are ________.
Cells
What has to happen for a disaccharide or polysaccharide to break down into a monosaccharide?
Hydrolysis
The basic building blocks of matter are _________.
Atoms
The basic building blocks of DNA and RNA are called _____________.
Nucleotides
The basic building blocks of proteins are ________.
Amino acids.
There are four nucleotide bases: G, T, C, and A. Which ones bond with each other?
A to T
C to G