Cell Basics
What are the basic units of life?
Cells
non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis
ribosomes
Larger membrane-bound organelle used for storage of food, water or waste
vacuole
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input
passive transport
What is the study of cells called?
Cytology
an organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
endoplasmic reticulum
Smaller membrane-bound organelle used mainly for transport of food, waste, or products synthesized for secretion
vesicle
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input
active transport
A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cell
endoplasmic reticulum that is dotted with ribosomes
rough ER
the organelle in plant cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, carbohydrates and some lipids
lysosome
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with a concentration gradient) until its concentration becomes equal throughout the area (reaches equilibrium)
diffusion
Name at least one of the men responsible for our understanding of cells.
Hans and Zacharias Janssen, Robert Hooke, Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Brown, Matthias Schleiden
The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
Golgi apparatus
a cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of the fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide
peroxisome
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to low water concentration (high solute concentration)
osmosis
Name one of the three parts of the cell theory
1. all living organisms are composed of cells, they may be unicellular or multicellular, 2. the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, 3. cells arise from existing cells
double-membrane-bound organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
mitochondria
plastids containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis
chloroplasts
The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
cytolysis