DNA
What is the enzyme that follows behind the newly positioned nucleotides, forming bonds between the sugars and phosphates in DNA replication.
DNA Polymerase
Which is more stable DNA or RNA?
DNA
The process by which a diploid cell (2n) forms gametes (n)
Meiosis
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Mitosis
The general guidelines of traits determined by a person’s DNA
Genetic Factors
What are the two steps to protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation.
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two
Cytokinesis
Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Gametes
f the haploid number is 20 what is the diploid number?
40
When must a cell replicate its DNA?
Before mitosis and meiosis
If a tRNA strand had an A, what letter would the mRNA pair with?
U
Name at least 2 of the phases of Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Does Meiosis I or Meiosis II most resemble mitosis?
Meiosis 2
The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a proteins or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar backbone. While RNA has a ribose sugar backbone
How does tRNA bridge the gap between the language of the DNA/RNA and the language of the proteins?
tRNA is the key component for the process of translation. It has a set of three nucleotides which corresponds to a codon on the mRNA and the amino acid.
What is interphase?
The time interval between cellular reproductions
What does Meiosis result in
4 haploid gametes
If the diploid number is 42 what will the haploid number be?
11
Explain how so much DNA can fit into such a small space (in the nucleus)
The DNA wraps around proteins called histones and then coils further into a nucleosome. Nucleosomes are twisted together into coils that are further twisted into a thick structure that compacts into a chromosome.
Explain at least one of either mRNA, tRNa, or rRNA
mRNA: Messenger RNA used in transcription and translation. It copies the DNA, leaves the nucleus, and takes that message to the site of translation (the amino acid).
tRNA: Transfer RNA used in translation. It is the dictionary that translates the mRNA to the corresponding amino acid.
rRNA: the ribosome. Used as the site for translation and links the amino acids together to build the protein.
Name at least 4 phases of Meiosis
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, and Telophase 2
How do the results of meiosis differ between a male and a female?
Males all 4 sperm gametes produce flagella and can be used. Females only 1 of the 4 can be used.
What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell?
A diploid cell has the NORMAL number of chromosomes and is found in most all cells. This number will vary depending on the species. A haploid cell has HALF the normal number of chromosomes and is ONLY found in the gametes.