Evolution
Exploring allele changes in an organsim
What is microevolution?
Describes a state of balance either within an ecological system or in an organism
What is homeostasis?
When there are more offspring in a generation, there will be fights over resources like food, water, and shelter
What is competition between offspring?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts(can be relevant on individual and on population level)
What is an emergent property?
Information that is transferred through genetics and is inherited
What is heritable information?
Exploring changes across generations
What is macroevolution?
A receptor detects differences in the environment and sends the signal to an effector that changes something in the body to return to its regular state
How is homeostasis regulated?
Th process of some offspring surviving others not to carry on the most successful phentoypes
What is natural selection?
Pt=P0+rt
Represents steady, undisturbed population growth
What is linear population growth?
Information that is passed through word of mouth or learned
What is non-heritable information?
A way of interpreting and visualizing genetics and evolution
What is a phylogeny tree?
Negative: being outside in the heat and your body tries to cool down
Positive: Child birth releases oxytocin and elicits more contractions
What are some examples of negative and positive mechanisms?
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a changing environment
Survivorship+Fecundity
What is fitness?
∆N/∆T=rmaxN
More accurate than linear model, higher r value means more dense population and less resources available
What is exponential growth
An example of this would be female fireflies not being able to see male fireflies flashing
What is an imperfect information transfer?
Two species that share a most recent common ancestor
What are sister taxa?
An organism that can regulate its own body temperature
What is a homeotherm?
∆N=(∆B-∆D)+(∆I-∆E)
N: Population, B: Birth rate, D: Death rate, I: Immigration rate, E: Emigration rate
Measuring the change in population size by way of comparing birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates
What are population dynamics?
∆N/∆T=rmax((K-N)/K)N
The most accurate growth model, shows how growth will increase then asymptote as it approaches carrying capacity
What is logistic growth?
Communication can alert predators to where an animal is so it is easier to hunt
What are the risks of communication in an ecological system?
CO II gene, share order, skull shape, humans have 23 chromosomes and apes have 24
How do we know humans are most closely related to great apes?
Cotransporter proteins can move from the inside to the outside of the cell membrane depending on the salinity of the water
How do diadromous fish regulate salinity and water in estuary water?
What are Darwin's four postulates
Even though there are many trunks in the forest of quaking aspen, there are very few individuals with unique genotypes, the root system connects the different trunks
How are quaking aspen an example of an emergent property?
p+q=1
p2+q2+2pq=1
p: Frequency of dominant A
q: Frequency of dominant B
What is the Hardy Weinburg Principle?