Vocab
Enzyme
What is the biological substance that acts as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life
What is a graph where the taller line means there was no enzyme that was used, and the activation energy was higher. Lower line means there was an enzyme that was used, and activation energy was lower. Start of line and middle is reactants ends is products
Dehydration synthesis and Hydrolysis
What is removing water molecule to bond two monomers to make polymer. Adding water to break polymer back into monomers.
Carbohydrate
What is CHO, monomer-monosaccharide-one sugar, disaccharide-two sugars-sucrose, Polysaccharide-many sugars-starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose. Function- Quick energy and structure of cell wall. Ex.- sugar, starch, fiber. Foods- bread, pasta, candy, fruits
Which biomolecules function as protective layer agaisnt water loss in cells of plants, bird feathers, and some animal skins.
What is Lipids
what is a specially shaped hole in the enzyme thar fits around the substrate. It grabs onto substrate, works on it, then lets go.
Temperature graph
What is graph that shows the temperature that effects enzymes. The peak of line is optimum temperature. Any higher or lower will cause denature. Once denature starts it is irreversible.
enzyme function steps
What is substrate binds to enzymes active site, substrate changes form and breaks down or bonds, enzyme lets go and product is released.
Lipids
What is CHO, monomer- glycerol, fatty acids. Triglyceride- 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids. Saturated- solid at room temperature. Unsaturated- liquid at room temperature, healthier. Phospholipids- Forms cell membrane, glycerol+phosphate group+2 fatty acids, has hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Function- Long-term energy storage, forms cell membrane, body insulation. Ex.- Fats, oils, waxes, steroids. Food- oils, butter, avocado etc.
Function of types of carbs
What is energy: glycogen and starch, structure: cellulose and chitin
Product
What is when the substrate leaves the enzyme, it is no longer the same
what is graph that shows pH levels in enzyme. Peak of chart is 8 and optimum pH. Any higher or lower will cause denaturization. This is reversible unlike temperature.
Enzyme stopping factors
What is temperature and pH levels undergoing change causing enzyme to denature and not function properly. Competitive inhibitor blocking active site so substrates can get it. Noncompetitive inhibitor attaching to enzyme causing it to deform and not fit with any substrates. These all-cause enzymes to not do their job.
Protein
What is CHON. monomer- amino acids. polymer- amino acids linked together to form poly peptide, which folds into protein. Function- muscle contraction, catalyzing chemical reactions, transporting molecules across the membrane, making up hair nails etc. Ex.- insulin, keratin, melanin. Foods- meats, nuts, beans, eggs.
Does proteins provide energy.
ATP and DNA function
What is no.
What is ATP: provides energy for chemical reactions
DNA: carries and transmits gentic information.
Substrate
What is the biological molecule that the enzyme will work on
Nucleotide structure
What is pentagon with sugar, then line to rectangle with nitrogenous base, then other line to circle with phosphate.
Enzyme bonding
What is enzymes can only bond with specific substrates. Substrates must be correct shape and size to fit into active site. Like a keyhole and key.
Nucleic acids
What do lipids and carbs have in common
What is both provide energy storage.
Monomer and polymer
What is one unit of a macromolecule. Strand of polymer
Catalyst defintion (didnt have room in vocab section)
What is substance that increases rate of chemical reaction by reducing amount of energy need to start reaction.
What are two functions of proteins at cellular level
What is transport of molecules within cell and across cell membrane, immune response in cell