Living Things
All living things are made of _____.
What are cells?
The shape of a DNA molecule is a....
This is the second stage of protein synthesis where RNA is read by a ribosome and turned into an amino acid chain, or a protein. This is also what you might call one language getting coded into another.
What is translation?
This is when an organism reproduces by itself, without a mate. Examples include budding, binary fission, and regeneration.
What is asexual reproduction?
This is a type of mutation that only causes one codon to change. An example is ATA becoming AGA.
What is a substitution?
This is a characteristic that makes an organism unique. It is passed down by genetics or influenced by the environment. An example is hair or eye color.
This is a type of allele that is always expressed if it is present.
It is represented by a capital letter in an organism's genotype.
An example is the capital T that stood for Tall in our SpongeHulk conversation.
What is dominant?
This is where translation occurs and the organelle that makes proteins.
What is a ribosome?
This term refers to the genetic material passed down from your parents. You get 23 from each to result in a total 46. It is DNA wrapped around a protein, stored in the nucleus.
What are chromosomes?
Lactose tolerance is an example of this type of mutation.
(Options: Beneficial, Neutral, or Harmful)
What is Beneficial?
This is an organism's reaction to the environment around it. An example might be sunflowers turning towards the sun or your knee jerking when the doctor taps it.
What is response to stimuli?
Name the four nitrogen bases (base pairs) found in DNA.
What is Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
This many nitrogen bases are found in a codon.
What is three?
This is the type of asexual reproduction where an organism grows new parts to replace lost ones, sometimes resulting in two new organisms.
An example is a starfish.
What is re-generation?
This is a type of mutation that causes a frameshift.
What is an addition/insertion or deletion?
(Either answer or both)
Examples: Smoking, exposure to chemicals, UV radiation (sun, tanning beds)
DNA stands for...
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
This is the first stage of protein synthesis that involves DNA being unzipped in the nucleus and copied into an RNA molecule. It must occur because DNA is too big to leave the nucleus.
What is transcription.
Explain how sexual reproduction results in variation, or offspring that are not exactly like their parent.
Having two different colored eyes (Heterochromia) would be an example of this kind of mutation.
Options: Beneficial, Neutral, or Harmful
What is neutral?
Give three examples of a genetic mutation in humans.
What is albinism, polydactilism, tetrachromia, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, blue eyes, heterochromia, etc...
He is known as the father of genetics. He studied how pea plants passed their traits to one another and discovered dominant and recessive alleles.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
These are the building blocks of proteins.
They are added to a protein chain by a ribosome as it reads the nitrogen bases in codons.
Examples include Methionine, Tryptophan, Threonine, and Proline.
What are Amino Acids?
This form of asexual reproduction mostly occurs in single-celled organisms and involves an organism duplicating it's DNA and dividing into two parts.
What is binary fission?
Sickle Cell Anemia might be considered this type of mutation in countries where Malaria is common.
(Options: Beneficial, Neutral, or Harmful)
What is Beneficial?