Biomolecules
What is the building block (monomer) of DNA?
What is a nucleic acid?
What is the primary function of an enzyme in a chemical reaction?
What is to speed up the reaction?
This organelle is known as the "control center" of the cell because it contains DNA.
What is the nucleus?
This type of cell transport does not require energy and moves molecules from a high to low concentration.
What is passive transport?
This molecule carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms.
What is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)?
What is the monomer of proteins?
What is an amino acid?
What is the term for the specific place on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
What is the active site?
This organelle is found in plant cells and uses sunlight to make food through photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
This type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
DNA is shaped like this twisted structure, often called a "twisted ladder." What is this shape called?
What is a double helix?
Which type of biomolecule makes up cell membranes and acts as a barrier?
What are lipids?
What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to extreme heat or pH levels?
What is denaturation?
This organelle is called the "powerhouse" of the cell because it generates energy in the form of ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
This specific type of passive transport involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and this one.
What is guanine?
What type of biomolecule stores genetic information and directs protein synthesis?
What are nucleic acids?
What type of biomolecule is an enzyme?
What is a protein?
This part of the cell surrounds and protects it, controlling what enters and exits the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
This process involves a cell taking in large molecules or particles by engulfing them in a vesicle.
What is endocytosis?
The sides of the DNA "ladder" are made of these two components.
What are sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate?
What element is in all biomolecules and is essential for life?
Carbon
Enzymes lower this type of energy to speed up chemical reactions in the body.
What is activation energy?
This organelle contains enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris in a process called autophagy. Known as the "trashman" of the cell.
What is the lysosome?
In this type of cell transport, carrier proteins assist in moving molecules like glucose across the membrane without using energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Cytosine and thymine belong to this group of smaller, single-ring nitrogenous bases.
What are pyrimidines?