Transcription & Translation
What is the main purpose of transcription?
What is to create a complementary RNA copy of a segment of DNA?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
To provide energy and serve as structural components.
What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA?
What is transcription?
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining of a stable internal environment in an organism.
Compare and contrast mRNA and DNA.
What is mRNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine, while DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine?
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
What is the ribosome?
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
What is it carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
Name the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Define passive transport.
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input.
What code indicates the ribosome to start translating?
What is the start codon, AUG?
How do lipids function in cell membranes?
Lipids form a bilayer that provides structure and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
What is to bring amino acids to the ribosome?
How does the sequence of nucleotides affect protein synthesis?
The sequence determines which amino acid is next in polypeptide chain.
How do hormones regulate nutrient absorption?
What is they signal the body to absorb nutrients based on needs?
Describe what happens when translation is complete.
What is when the ribosome reaches a stop codon, and releases the polypeptide chain?
What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
What is they are the sites where translation occurs?
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
What is it carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
What is a mutation?
What is a change in the DNA sequence?
How does osmosis differ from diffusion?
Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across the cell membrane.