Cell Structure & Function
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Producing energy through cellular respiration
What gas is released during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What is DNA?
The molecule that carries genetic instructions
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms better adapted to the environment survive and reproduce.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life in an area
This organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells
The chloroplast?
In what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Dominant alleles are represented by which type of letter?
Uppercase
Environmental factors that influence the survival and reproductive success of different traits within a population.
Name one human activity that contributes to climate change
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotes have them.
How are photosynthesis and respiration connected?
The products of one are the reactants of the other.
If a parent has genotype Bb and another has bb, what percent chance is there of offspring being Bb?
50%
What is an adaptation?
A trait that increases an organism's chance of survival
What is a limiting factor in an ecosystem?
Something that controls population growth, like food or water
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?
They need more energy for movement
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
CO₂ + H₂O + Sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
(Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight---> Glucose + Oxygen)
What is the role of mutations in genetic variation?
They introduce new traits into a population
How does genetic variation affect evolution?
More variation increases the chances of beneficial traits appearing.
How does deforestation impact the carbon cycle?
It reduces carbon uptake through photosynthesis and increases CO₂.
Describe how the cell membrane maintains homeostasis.
By controlling what enters and leaves the cell
Why do plants need both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
To make glucose in the day and break it down for energy at night
How can the environment influence gene expression?
Factors like temperature or chemicals can turn genes on or off
Why do antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve quickly?
Because of short generation times and strong selective pressure from antibiotics.
How does human activity impact ecosystems’ stability?
Decreases ecosystem homeostasis and biodiversity