Cell Structure & Function
State one structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.
Chloroplast OR Vacuole OR Cell Wall
State a difference between passive and active transport.
passive doesn't require energy, active does OR
Passive goes with concentration gradient, active against.
Name the structure of DNA.
Double Helix
State where the substrate binds on the enzyme.
Active site
Name the 3 types of microorganism.
Bacteria, Virus and Fungi
State the function of the nucleus.
Controls most cell activities.
Name the 2 components of a cell membrane.
Phospholipids and proteins.
State the full names for the 4 bases of DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
State the 2 types of enzyme reaction.
Synthesis and degradation
State a food/drink product made with bacteria and one with yeast.
Bacteria - cheese/yoghurt
Yeast - bread/beer/wine
State the function of the cytoplasm.
Site of chemical reactions
Name the 2 types of passive transport.
Osmosis and diffusion
Name the sub units proteins are made from.
amino acids
How many substrates can an enzyme bind to?
One
State 2 reasons why microorganisms are useful for different purposes.
Reproduce quickly and grow quickly
Name the 2 types of stem cell.
Embryonic and Adult tissue
Name one molecule that diffuses into cells.
Oxygen or Glucose
mRNA
State 2 factors that affect the rate of enzyme reactions
pH and temperature
State the name for the small circular pieces of genetic information, found in bacterial cells, that are used in genetic engineering.
Plasmid
What is the only structural difference between an animal cell and a fungal cell?
Fungal cell has cell wall
What would happen to a plant cell placed in a concentrated salt solution?
Plasmolysed
State the 5 types of protein
Structural, Hormone, Antibody, Receptor, Enzyme
State the term used when an enzymes active site changes shape and the substrate can no longer bind.
Denatured
State the word equation for the process of fermentation in yeast.
Glucose - Carbon dioxide & ethanol