Category 1
Which process in the water cycle returns water to the Earth's surface from the atmosphere?
A) Condensation
B) Evaporation
C) Precipitation
D) Transpiration
C) Precipitation
What is the main product of cellular respiration?
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. ATP
D. ATP
What are the building blocks of proteins?
A. Nucleotides
B. Glucose
C. Amino acids
D. Fatty acids
C. Amino acids
How many cells are produced after mitosis, and are they genetically identical or different?
A. One cell, genetically different
B. Two cells, genetically identical
C. Four cells, genetically identical
D. Two cells, genetically different
B. Two cells, genetically identical
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix?
A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. DNA ligase
D. DNA helicase
D. DNA helicase
Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A) Water temperature
B) Soil pH
C) Bacteria
D) Sunlight
Answer: C) Bacteria
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Lipid
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: D) Nucleic acid
Which of the following would most likely occur first in primary succession?
A) Development of large trees
B) Colonization by lichens and mosses
C) Invasion by herbivores
D) Formation of fertile soil
Answer: B) Colonization by lichens and mosses
Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A) Genotype is the physical appearance; phenotype is the genetic makeup
B) Genotype is inherited traits; phenotype is only influenced by the environment
C) Genotype refers to an organism’s genes; phenotype refers to its observable traits
D) Genotype can change over time; phenotype cannot
Answer: C) Genotype refers to an organism’s genes; phenotype refers to its observable traits
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Vacuole
B. Ribosome
Which of the following gases is the most significant contributor to the greenhouse effect?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Argon
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide
Where do transcription and translation occur in a eukaryotic cell, respectively?
A) Cytoplasm and ribosome
B) Nucleus and ribosome
C) Ribosome and nucleus
D) Nucleus and mitochondria
Answer: B) Nucleus and ribosome
What is the carrying capacity of an environment?
A) The number of species it can support
B) The number of births per year
C) The maximum population size it can sustain
D) The rate of immigration
Answer: C) The maximum population size it can sustain
How does energy flow through a food web, and which level contains the most energy?
A) From consumers to producers; tertiary consumers have the most energy
B) From producers to consumers; producers contain the most energy
C) From decomposers to herbivores; secondary consumers have the most energy
D) From top predators to plants; primary consumers contain the most energy
Answer: B) From producers to consumers; producers contain the most energy
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
Artificial selection is best described as:
A) Natural extinction of species
B) Evolution without mutations
C) Human-directed breeding for desired traits
D) Genetic drift in isolated populations
Answer: C) Human-directed breeding for desired traits
Which of the following is considered a vestigial structure in humans?
A) Liver
B) Appendix
C) Heart
D) Lungs
Answer: B) Appendix
Which of the following represents a homologous structure?
A) Wing of a bat and flipper of a whale
B) Wing of a bat and wing of a butterfly
C) Fin of a shark and flipper of a dolphin
D) Leg of a horse and antenna of a snail
A) Wing of a bat and flipper of a whale
Why does energy decrease as it moves up the energy pyramid?
A. Energy is created at the top and used up at the bottom
B. Organisms at higher levels eat less food
C. Energy is lost as heat and through life processes
D. Organisms at lower levels store energy poorly
C. Energy is lost as heat and through life processes
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
A. Only half the DNA is copied
B. One original strand is kept, and one new strand is made
C. Only one side of the helix is used
D. The strands are built from scratch
B. One original strand is kept, and one new strand is made
What type of symbiosis benefits one organism while the other is neither helped nor harmed?
A) Mutualism
B) Commensalism
C) Parasitism
D) Competition
Answer: B) Commensalism
Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species?
A) Oak tree
B) Lichen
C) Grasshopper
D) Fern
Answer: B) Lichen
Which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype for a trait where A is dominant and ais recessive?
A) AA
B) aa
C) Aa
D) aA and aa
Answer: C) Aa
Exponential growth usually happens when:
A. There is a high death rate
B. Resources are limited
C. A population reaches its carrying capacity
D. Resources are abundant and there are few predators
D. Resources are abundant and there are few predators
If “T” represents tall and “t” represents short, what is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?
A. Tt
B. TT
C. tt
D. T
B. TT