Carbon Compounds
Organisms use carbohydrates to store and release this.
What is energy?
A process that changes, or transforms, one set of compounds into another.
What is a chemical reaction?
This type of cell has NO nucleus.
What is a prokaryote?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
How organisms gain energy from food.
Cellular Respiration
Polymers of nucleotides.
What is nucleic acid?
The "ingredients" of a chemical reaction.
What are reactants?
The organelle that contains nearly all the cell's DNA.
What is a nucleus?
The protein in the thylakoid membrane that binds ADP and another phosphate together.
What is ATP synthase?
Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen.
This means "giant molecule". They are large organic molecules found in living things.
What is a macromolecule?
Protein catalysts. Their role is to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.
What are enzymes?
The movement of materials against a concentration gradients. It requires energy!
What is active transport?
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar.
What is the Calvin Cycle?
The first set of reactions in cellular respiration.
What is glycolysis?
Polymers of amino acids.
The energy needed to get a reaction started.
What is activation energy?
When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes.
What is hypertonic?
ATP can release and store energy by breaking and re-forming bonds between these.
What are phosphate groups?
The second stage of cellular respiration where pyruvic acid is passed through.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
This can be used to store energy, and they form important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
What is a lipid?
The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
What are substrates?
The state of relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions.
What is homeostasis?
A series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons.
What is the electron transport chain?
In the absence of oxygen, this releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP.
What is fermentation?