Reproduction
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual: 1 parent per offspring, genetically identical
Sexual: 2 parents per offspring, genetically unique
What is the difference between telophase and cytokinesis?
Telophase: formation of nuclear membranes
Cytokinesis: separation of organelles and cells
What is crossing? When does it occur?
When chromosomes exchange fragments during Prophase I
What process results in the production of a zygote?
Fertilization
What is the importance of genetic diversity in offspring?
Budding, vegetative propagation, binary fission, asexual reproduction, spore formation, etc.
What is the name of the pair of chromosomes found in Meiosis I?
What is the name of the process that creates gametes?
Meiosis
What is the main difference between meiosis and the cell cycle?
The cell cycle produces diploid cells, meiosis produces haploid cells.
Cell cycle involves 1 round of cell division, meiosis involves 2.
Name 3 types of fertilization
Internal, external, pollination
During which phase does the cell copy its DNA?
S Phase
How is Anaphase I different from Anaphase II?
2: Separation of chromosomes into chromatids
How do we measure milestones in human pregnancies?
Trimesters
In eukaryotic cells, what is the name of the protein that chromatin coils around?
Histones
How many daughter cells are produced when a bacterial cell reproduces asexually?
1
What is the main function of mitosis?
To produce 2 identical daughter cells
What is the name of the phase where chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase II
How many chromosomes does a gamete contain?
Half as many chromosomes as a regular cell
(i.e., if the regular cell has 2, the gamete has 1)
Arrange the following in order of increasing size: DNA, Chromosomes, Chromatin, Chromatids
DNA, Chromatin, Chromatids, Chromosomes
When is being genetically identical to the parent an advantage for an organism?
Before the cell will enter mitosis, the cell performs these to look for errors.
Checkpoints - G1, G2, M
What is the main function of meiosis?
Producing haploid cells and increasing genetic diversity
In humans, when does a zygote become an embryo?
When it implants into the lining of the uterus