Basic chemistry
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What are the four main types of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What type of transport requires energy (ATP)?
Active transport
What type of bond shares electrons between atoms?
Covalent bond
What part of the cell contains DNA?
Nucleus
What molecule stores genetic information?
DNA
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water through a membrane
What does pH measure?
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺)
Which organelle produces energy (ATP)?
Mitochondria
What type of bond connects amino acids?
Peptide bond
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks
What is an example of a trace element in living organisms?
Iron (Fe) or Zinc (Zn)
What organelle modifies and packages proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of enzymes?
Speed up chemical reactions
What is the function of transport proteins?
Help move materials across the cell membrane