Respiration
Respiration requires what two inputs that an animal must get from the environment?
Sugars and oxygen
The last phase of cell division (where the two cells split from each other)
Monosaccharide is to carbohydrate, as amino acid is to…
Protein
True or false: Dominant genes always give an organism an advantage
False: Only means trait will show over recessive one. Many recessive traits can be helpful.
You notice your flashlight is not working and you suspect that the battery is dead. This is an example of a/an:
a) experiment
b) theory
c) hypothesis
d) data set
c) Hypothesis
This molecule (known by an abbreviation) is the end product of respiration (energy currency of the cell)
ATP
In human mitosis, during prophase the DNA condenses into 23 pairs of what?
Chromosomes
Which biomolecule(s) are responsible for the energy of a cell?
Carbohydrates and lipids (when broken down)
Using the fifth letter of the alphabet, show a heterozygous genotype
An animal cell typically only has one of the following organelles:
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Vacuole
C) Nucleus
Describe where each of these processes takes place in the cell: Glycolysis and the Krebs/citric acid cycle
Glycolysis in cytoplasm, Krebs in the mitochondria
What is the big difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis makes two identical daughter cells, while meiosis makes gametes with half the amount of genetic information
Name four of the five chemical elements present in DNA
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous
If Mom is homozygous dominant in a trait, and Dad is homozygous recessive, what is the result for the offspring?
All heterozygous, dominant phenotype
Is this DNA or RNA and how can you tell?
ACCGTATTAGCCAAAGAC
DNA (contains thiamine)
If low on oxygen, can cells still make ATP? Explain
Yes, through anaerobic processes, or in glycolysis
Why do more complex organisms rely on sexual reproduction? What are the advantages of it over asexual reproduction
Crossover of genetic traits, more diversity of genetics
What are the two main types of nucleic acids? (bonus if you know the full names, but abbrs. are okay)
DNA and RNA
Why are blood types considered co-dominant?
If the A type and B type alleles are both present, then they'll both be expressed (AB type blood)
What amino acid does this DNA codon encode for:
GCT
Arginine (Arg)
If in cold weather, would your cells want to use more glucose or less glucose in respiration? Why?
More. It increases the energy, which is needed to warm the body
Name two parts of a cell that are always present, no matter what type of organism. Name an organelle only found in eukaryotic cells. Name two things in plant cells but not animal cells
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, genetic material, ribosomes
Mitochondria, nucleus, smooth and rough ER
Chloroplasts, cell wall
Give two reasons why carbon is good as a backbone for all biomolecules
It’s abundant
It’s stable
Makes 4 bonds
Is flexible
Readily bonds and reacts with other non-metals
Give two reasons why fruit flies are often ideal for genetics experiments
1) New generations quickly
2) Easy to care for
3) Easily observable traits (under a microscope)
4) Other?
Give an example of how a mutation could be "silent." Show the change and why it wouldn't affect the cell.
A base pair change at the DNA or RNA level that doesn't change the amino acid translated (example: CUU and CUA both encode for Leu)