Bio Basics
2 ways to describe and independent variable
What is the cause, what's being tested, what is being changed, the manipulated variable, the variable on the X-axis
4 macromolecules in order of how they're broken down in the body
What are carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What are benign (non cancerous) and malignant (cancerous/may spread/hard to remove)?
The difference between endothermic and exothermic
Edo: absorbs/stores energy (photosynthesis)
Exo: Releases energy (cellular respiration)
Location and result of DNA replication
2 describe the dependent variable
What is the effect, the measured variable, the variable on the Y axis, the responding variable
Enzymes are this macromolecule
What is a protein?
3 parts of Interphase and what's occurring
G1 growth, S DNA duplicates, G2 growth
Levels in a trophic pyramid
What are producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
2 details about Transcription
•Transcription: DNA to mRNA, occurs in nucleus
1.Section of DNA (gene) is unzipped
2.RNA Polymerase brings in complementary RNA base pair rules
3.mRNA (messenger) strand is released to leave the nucleus
4.DNA zips back up
What is a constant?
The variable(s) that stay the same in a controlled experiment allowing the experiment to have only 1 variable tested at a time
The energy storage of all four macromolecules
What is 4 cal/gram for carbs and proteins, 9 cal/gram for lipids, and 0 for nucleic acids
Name All phases of mitosis
What is PMAT? Prophase (nuclear membrane disappears) Metaphase (chromosomes line up in the middle) Anaphase (chromosomes move away from the middle). Telophase (nuclear membrane reforms)
The definition of activation energy
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
2 details about Translation
What is occurs in ribosomes, tRNA brings amino acids to create a polypeptide chain (protein), message from mRNA is read in "codons" (3 nucleotides) starting with AUG, tRNA has anticodons
the experimental group
What is the group receives the test (or the independent variable)
Functions of macromolecules in the cell membrane
mostly lipids for selective permeability, protein channels for transport, and carbs for structure
2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What are: presence of a nucleus, reproductive strategy, membrane bound organelles,
The results of glycolysis in cellular respiration
Anaerobic step in cytoplasm that splits glucose in half into 2 pyruvates
The step in photosynthesis where light energy is captured in the chloroplast and water molecules are split
What are the light dependent (aka electron transport chain)
Control Group
the group that is "normal" or untested for comparison purposes.
The monomer of all 4 macromolecules
carbs-monosaccharide
Lipids- Fatty acids
Proteins-amino acids
Nucleic acids-nucleotides
2 Things all cells have in common
What are Cell membrane •Genetic material (DNA or RNA) •Cytoplasm •Ribosomes
The amount of ATP produced aerobically and anaerobically
what is 2-4 (anaerobic) and 36-38 (aerobic)
Reactants and products of cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------6CO2 + 6H2O
reactants: glucose/oxygen
products: carbon dioxide/water