Chapter 1
A possible answer to a scientific question; it must be falsifiable.
What is a hypothesis?
These simple molecules form the basis of all proteins
What are amino acids?
This organelle is where energy is created within a cell.
What is the mitochondria?
A biomolecule that serves as a fast source of energy.
What are carbohydrates?
This is the monomer for proteins
What is an amino acid?
Type of cells that contain DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a cell membrane, but no other membrane-bound organelles.
What is a prokaryote? (or prokaryotic cell)
What are the four macromolecules?
This organelle houses chromatin and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.
What is the nucleus?
This is the process by which organisms break down glucose, without the use of oxygen, to create ATP
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
How many calories per gram do you get for fat?
What is 9 calories?
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Covalent bonds share electrons while ionic bonds transfer electrons
When water moves from one side of a membrane in order to balance the concentration of solutes.
What is osmosis?
Describe a fast twitch muscle fiber. Give 3 descriptors
anaerobic, fatigues fast, white in color, strength/power muscle fibers, don't use oxygen, produce 2 ATP, produce lactic acid
How do you find starch on a food label?
Subtract fiber and sugar
In the levels of organization of living things, finish the order
atoms, molecules, _________, _________, __________, ___________, organisms
organelles, cells, tissues, organs
Water molecules have attractive forces to one another and are held together by these types of weaker bonds
What is a hydrogen bond?
How are you in your room and you can smell the cookies your mom is baking in the kitchen.
What is diffusion?
How does a molecule get into a cell if it can't pass through the membrane?
facilitated diffusion or protein transport
What is a NET carb?
The carbs that you can actually digest.
Name 4 of the 8 properties of life.
What are order, sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation/homeostasis, energy processing, evolution
Explain the Octet rule and why it is significant
The outter ring of an atom prefers to have 8 electrons in order to be completely stable.
Explain why active transport needs ATP.
Because it is moving against the concentration gradient from low to high.
These are the products of aerobic cellular respiration
What are water, CO2 and ATP
List all the essential nutrients AND which ones provide calories.
Carbs, proteins, fats (provide calories)
vitamins, minerals, water