Scientific Method
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Observation
Name the four main types of macromolecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is the function of the mitochondria?
The mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
The overall equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
Define a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on prior knowledge.
What is the monomer of proteins?
The monomer of proteins is an amino acid.
Describe the role of the ribosome in a cell.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
Explain what a cell membrane is made up of
A flexible layer made of various proteins embedded in or attached to a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
Where does photosynthesis occur in the plant cell?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Qualitative data is descriptive (e.g., color, texture), while quantitative data involves numbers and measurements.
Describe the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms.
Carbohydrates provide quick energy
What is the purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells.
How do substances move across a cell membrane?
Substances move across a cell membrane through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
The products of cellular respiration are 6CO2, 6H2O, and ATP.
Why is it important to have a control group in an experiment?
A control group allows for comparison to see the effect of the independent variable.
How do enzymes function as catalysts?
Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions, speeding them up
How do lysosomes contribute to cellular digestion?
Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose), while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy (ATP).
Explain how a theory differs from a hypothesis.
A theory is a well-substantiated explanation based on a body of evidence, while a hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be tested.
Explain the structure and function of nucleic acids
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information.
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What role do transport proteins play in the cell membrane?
Transport proteins help move substances across the cell membrane. They can be channel proteins that create openings for specific molecules to pass through, or carrier proteins that change shape to transport molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. This process is essential for the cell to take in nutrients and remove waste.
What role do chloroplasts play in photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to drive the photosynthesis process.