Limbic System and Brain
Encoding explicit memories for long-term storage. Being an integral part of the limbic system, it plays a vital role in regulating learning, memory encoding, memory consolidation, and spatial navigation.
Hippocampus
Contains motor area and parts of association areas
Location: front most part of cerebral cortex Function: planning and making judgements;
Frontal Cortex/Frontal Lobe
A pulse of electricity sent through a small copper coil induces a magnetic field around the coil. Repetitive pulses cause a temporary loss in the neurons abilities to fire normally. The effect is similar to producing a lesion, but temporary and reversible.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Specialized area of the Cerebral Cortex
Function: receives input from sensory nerves and tracts. It is the part of the system concerned with the conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, position, movement, and vibration, which arise from the muscles, joints, skin, and fascia.
Somatosensory Cortex/Somatosensory Area
Stimulates muscles, found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, has a part in scheduling REM (dream) sleep
It is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system (a branch of the peripheral nervous system) that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.
Acetylcholine
Evaluating emotional and motivational significance of stimuli and generating responses. It is responsible for the perception of emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness, as well as the controlling of aggression.
Amygdala
Contains visual area of the brain
Location: rearmost lobe of cerebral cortex
Occipital Cortex/Occipital Lobe
The constant activity of the brain's billions of neurons produces electrical "chatter". By placing these electrodes on a person's scalp, research can detect and amplify these signals. The resultant record of brain activity is referred to as an _________.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
The area on the left side of the brain controls movement of the right side of the body, and vice-versa. The size of the area on the homunculus
determines the level of fine movement control
we have with that part of the body.
Motor Cortex/ Primary Motor Area
Associated with reward mechanisms in the brain;
It plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control, motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors.
Dopamine
This System is a collection of glands that produce hormones
Location: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs
Endocrine System
Function: The main functions of this area include understanding language, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception
and processing auditory information. It is also vital for declarative memory and long-term memory, as well as making us good at selective hearing.
Temporal Cortex/Temporal Lobe
The first of the neuroimaging techniques developed in the 1970's involved injecting a radioactive substance into the blood and measuring the radioactivity that is emitted from each portion of the brain.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
The size of the Somatosensory Area in the cortex is determined primarily by the __________________.
Sensitivity of that part of the body. The lips would make up a large portion of the cortex and the leg would make up a smaller part of the Somatosensory Cortex.
This neurotransmitter influences emotions, mood, and
perception and can have an effect on sleep regularity.
Serotonin
Chemical substance secreted by the body into the bloodstream
Location: throughout the body
Hormone
Contains somatosensory area of the brain
Function: processing sensory information regarding the location of parts of the body, interpreting visual information. It can be divided into two
functional regions. One involves sensation and perception, and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system.
Parietal Cortex/Parietal Lobe
This method (first used extensively in the 1990s) involved the creation of a magnetic field around a person's head, which causes hemoglobin molecules that are carrying oxygen the blood to give off radio waves of a certain frequency. This can be detected and used to assess the amount of blood in each part of the brain while performing a task' such as looking at an image.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
The size of the Motor Cortex allocated to a specific motor region is influenced primarily by the degree of ______ motor movement necessary to move that part of the body.
Fine Motor Movement necessary to move. i.e., the fingers would take up a large portion and the leg would be a much smaller portion.
As a hormone and a sympathetic transmitter, it has effects such as increasing the heart rate and diverting more blood to the skeletal muscles (can affect blood pressure)
• As a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it increases alertness and arousal, and speeds reaction time.
Norepinephrine
Considered the Master Gland - Pea-sized major endocrine gland
Location: Below hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
This is the name for all four lobes collectively. It receives input from primary or secondary
sensory areas.
Function: involved in processes of perception, thought, and decision making; It integrates information from different receptors or sensory areas
and relate the information to past experiences.
Association Area/Association Lobes
This method, similar to a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan involves the creation of a magnetic field around the person's head. However in this technique it is more of a still shot as the person is not performing a task.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Largest part of the brain, contains the two hemispheres. Location: above the brainstem and cerebellum and it contains two hemispheres split by a central fissure.
Cerebrum or Cerebral Cortex
This hormone regulates the female productive functions of childbirth and breast feeding; considered the love hormone and motherly attachment with their offspring.
Oxytocin