Genetics
Which molecule carries genetic information from parents to offspring?
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. Lipid
B. DNA
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
A. Carries amino acids to the ribosome
B. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosome
C. Forms the ribosome structure
D. Links amino acids together
B. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosome
In a population of beetles, green beetles are easier for birds to see than brown beetles. Over time, most beetles in the population are brown. What process caused this change?
A. Artificial selection
B. Selective breeding
C. Natural selection
D. Genetic engineering
C. Natural selection
Which of the following organisms belong to the domain Archaea?
A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria that live in hot springs
C. Oak trees
D. Humans
B. Bacteria that live in hot springs
What does the germ theory of disease state?
A. All living things are made of cells
B. Diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms
C. All diseases are inherited from parents
D. Diseases are caused by bad air
B. Diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms
In Mendelian genetics, what does the term "heterozygous" mean?
A. Two identical alleles
B. Two different alleles
C. An allele that is recessive
D. An allele that is dominant
B. Two different alleles
Where does translation occur in the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Cytoplasm
D. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
Which of the following could introduce new traits into a population?
A. Migration
B. Mutation
C. Extinction
D. Competition
B. Mutation
An organism is multicellular, makes its own food through photosynthesis, and has cell walls made of cellulose. In which kingdom does it belong?
A. Animalia
B. Protista
C. Plantae
D. Fungi
C. Plantae
Which scientist is most known for proving that microorganisms cause disease?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Robert Hooke
D. Gregor Mendel
B. Louis Pasteur
What term describes different versions of the same gene?
A. Alleles
B. Chromosomes
C. Nucleotides
D. Proteins
A. Alleles
Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. DNA
B. tRNA
What does the fossil record mainly show?
A. That species never change
B. That all species appeared at the same time
C. That organisms have changed over time
D. That fossils are only found in deserts
C. That organisms have changed over time
Which level of classification is more specific than class but less specific than family?
A. Order
B. Genus
C. Phylum
D. Kingdom
A. Order
Why is handwashing important in preventing disease?
A. It removes toxins
B. It prevents cell mutation
C. It kills or removes harmful microbes
D. It strengthens white blood cells
C. It kills or removes harmful microbes
Which process creates new combinations of alleles during meiosis?
A. DNA replication
B. Crossing over
C. Mitosis
D. Protein synthesis
B. Crossing over
What is a codon?
A. A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
B. The building block of proteins
C. A type of amino acid
D. The process of making proteins
A. A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
Similar bone structures in the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats suggest they share—
A. identical DNA
B. a common ancestor
C. the same habitat
D. a recent mutation
B. a common ancestor
Why do scientists classify living things?
A. To identify their predators
B. To understand what they eat
C. To organize organisms based on similarities
D. To group animals by size
C. To organize organisms based on similarities
How did Germ Theory change the practice of medicine?
A. Doctors began studying animal behavior
B. It led to increased use of surgery
C. It resulted in better sanitation and sterilization
D. It stopped the spread of genetic diseases
C. It resulted in better sanitation and sterilization
If a pea plant with genotype Tt (tall, where T = tall and t = short) is crossed with another Tt plant, what is the chance their offspring will be short?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
B. 25%
Which of the following correctly describes the two main stages of protein synthesis?
A. Transcription copies DNA into mRNA; Translation assembles proteins from amino acids
B. Translation copies DNA into mRNA; Transcription assembles proteins from amino acids
C. DNA replication creates proteins; Transcription creates RNA
D. Protein synthesis happens only during DNA replication
A. Transcription copies DNA into mRNA; Translation assembles proteins from amino acids
Why would a species with traits poorly suited to its environment struggle to survive?
A. It will reproduce more
B. It will not need food
C. It will be outcompeted
D. It will become a predator
C. It will be outcompeted
In the scientific name Quercus alba, what does Quercus represent?
A. Kingdom
B. Family
C. Species
D. Genus
D. Genus
How do vaccines help support the germ theory?
A. They create new bacteria using conjugation
B. They allow microbes to evolve through genetic variation
C. They prevent disease by training the immune system
D. They make diseases more contagious by including more antibodies
C. They prevent disease by training the immune system