Cell Structure & Function
What part of the cell controls what enters and exits?
Cell membrane
What base pairs with A in DNA?
T (Thymine)
What organelle makes energy (ATP)?
Mitochondria
What kind of organism starts every food chain?
Producer (usually a plant)
Who is the “Father of Evolution”?
Charles Darwin
What's the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes have no nucleus; eukaryotes do
A mom is heterozygous for dimples (Dd) and dad is dd. What % of children will have dimples?
50%
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Only 10% of energy moves from one level to the next. Where does the rest go?
Lost as heat
What is the correct order of classification from biggest to smallest?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
A plant cell is placed in salt water. What happens and why?
It shrinks because water leaves (osmosis, hypertonic solution)
DNA sequence: TAC GGA CCT → What’s the mRNA and amino acids?
mRNA: AUG CCU GGA
During exercise, your body sweats. What process is this an example of?
Homeostasis (maintaining balance)
After a volcano erupts and lava hardens, what type of succession starts?
Primary succession
What does it mean if two organisms share the same genus?
They are closely related and share many traits
What is the jelly-like fluid inside the cell that holds organelles?
Cytoplasm
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double helix
Why do cells need to divide through mitosis?
Growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues
What happens if a top predator is removed from a food web?
Population imbalances, trophic cascade
What evidence supports evolution from a common ancestor?
Fossils, DNA similarities, homologous structures
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?
They need more energy for movement
A mutation changes a DNA base. What are 3 possible effects?
Silent, missense (changes protein), nonsense (stops protein)
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What is a limiting factor in an ecosystem?
Anything that restricts population growth (e.g., food, space)
Explain natural selection using antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Bacteria with resistance genes survive antibiotics, reproduce, and pass on resistance