CELLS & CELL CYCLE
Which process is most directly responsible for growth and tissue repair in multicellular organisms?
Mitosis
Which factor would most likely cause an enzyme to lose its function permanently?
High temperature (denaturation)
Which molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?
Photosynthesis
Which concept explains how populations change over time due to environmental pressures?
Natural selection
A cell forms four genetically different cells after division. Which process most likely occurred?
Meiosis
Enzymes speed up reactions by affecting which of the following?
Activation energy
Where in the cell are proteins assembled?
Ribosome
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
Produce ATP (release energy)
What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
Theory explains why, law describes what
During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated before division?
Interphase
A change in pH causes an enzyme to stop working. What most likely happened?
Shape of enzyme changed (denatured)
A trait appears in offspring even though only one parent shows it. What does this indicate about the allele?
Dominant allele
As energy moves through a food chain, what happens to the available energy at each level?
Decreases
A population of insects becomes resistant to pesticides over time. Which process explains this change?
Natural selection
A scientist observes cells that are identical to the parent cell. Which process produced these cells?
Mitosis
Why are enzymes considered specific to certain reactions?
Shape of active site
A cross results in a 3:1 ratio of traits. What type of inheritance pattern is this?
Monohybrid (Mendelian) inheritance
A sudden increase in fertilizer runoff leads to fish dying in a lake. What is the most likely cause?
Algal bloom → low oxygen
Which statement best supports the theory of evolution?
Helpful traits increase over time
Which structure would most directly regulate the movement of ions into and out of a cell?
Cell membrane
How does maintaining homeostasis support enzyme activity?
Keeps optimal conditions (temp/pH stable)
During protein synthesis, which molecule delivers amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
Why does biomagnification pose a greater risk to top predators?
Toxins build up at higher levels
Which scientific principle explains why energy cannot be created or destroyed in an ecosystem?
Law of conservation of energy