The Study of Life
What is the definition of biology?
The study of life
What does a nucleus do?
It holds DNA and controls the cell
What is osmosis?
The movement of water, typically from low to high
What is the product of chemical equations?
The substances formed as a result of the reaction
How many cells are formed as a result of Mitosis?
2 identical cells
What is spontaneous generation?
The disproven idea that life comes from non-living things
What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Mitochondria - makes energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Chloroplast - captures sunlight to make energy through photosynthesis
What is an Active trasport?
The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high), using energy (ATP)
Does photosynethesis make energy or food?
Food! It converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose (a type of sugar), which plants use as food
True or false, cancer is caused by cells dividing at the normal, healthy rate
False, cancer is caused by uncontrolled, abnormal cell division
Give 1 examples a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell
Prokaryote - Bacteria
Eukaryotes - Animal, Plants, Fungi
What is the lysosome's main purpose?
They are the cell's recycling center, they use enzymes to break down waste and other stuff to keep the cell healthy
True or False, the outer side of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic
False! The phosphate heads face outward, interacting with the watery environment inside and outside the cell
True or False, ATP is a result of cellular respiration
True!
The nucleus
What are the differences between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryote: Single-celled, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryote: A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What are 2 organelles found in plant cells not present in animal cells?
Chloroplasts, Cell wall
What is the differance between a Hypertonic and Hypotonic solution?
Hypertonic - a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell, causing water to leave the cell and make it shrink
Hypotonic - a lower concentration of solutes, causing water to enter the cell and make it swell
What is the law of conservation of matter?
It's a law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system; it can only change forms
What is the difference between a Haploid and Diploid?
Haploid (n): Contains half the number of chromosomes (23 in human sperm or egg cells).
Diploid (2n): Contains the full set of chromosomes (46 in most human cells)
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
Organization, Reproduces, Growth, Energy, Homeostasis, Responds to Stimuli, Cells, Evolution, and Requires Energy
What are 2 organelles found in animal cells not present in plant cells?
Centrioles, Lysosomes, Flagella
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion moves molecules through the membrane on their own, while facilitated diffusion needs helper proteins to move molecules.
What is the chemiacal equation of Photosynthesis (Or just name what each part is)?
CO2 + H20 --> C6 H12 O6 + O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis creates 2 identical cells for growth and repair, while Meiosis creates 4 unique, haploid cells for reproduction, adding genetic diversity