Biology TCAP Vocabulary Review

Cells & Cell Transport

100

Cell Membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell

200

Homeostasis

maintaining stable internal conditions

300

Active transport

movement using energy 

400

Passive transport

movement without energy

500

What is Hypotonic? Hypertonic? Isotonic?

• Hypotonic – solution with more water than the cell

• Hypertonic – solution with less water than the cell

• Isotonic – equal concentrations inside and outside the cell

Cell Structure & Function

100

Nucleus

controls cell activities, contains DNA

200

Mitochondria

produces ATP (energy)

300

Ribosome

makes proteins

400

Chloroplast

site of photosynthesis

500

What is Eukaryotic? Prokaryotic?

Eukaryotic - complex multicellular organism and has organelles

Prokaryotic - simply cellular organism and has no organelles

DNA, Genetics & Mutations

100

Gene

section of DNA that codes for a trait

200

Chromosome

Structure made of DNA

300

Mutation

change in DNA sequence

400

Trisomy

extra chromosome

500

Nondisjunction

chromosomes fail to separate

Protein Synthesis

100

mRNA

messenger rna

200

Amino acid

building block of proteins

300

Codon

3-base sequence on mRNA

400

Transcription

DNA → mRNA

500

Translation

mRNA → protein

Double Points

100

Enzyme

catalyst reaction that speed up reactions

200

Diffusion? Osmosis?

diffusion - movement of ANY particles

osmosis - movement of water only 

300

Cellular Respiration

Cells are breathing via the breakdown of glucose that is turned into usable energy (ATP)

400

Genotype? Phenotype?

Genotype - the genes or letter sequence that makes up the traits

Phenotype - the physical characteristics you can physically see

500

Carrying Capacity

The absolute max an ecosystem can carry before the ecosystem begins experiencing competition, not enough food or space.