Misc.
This is the number of nitrogenous bases that codes for each amino acid.
What is three?
What is the scientific name given all reproductive cells?
Gametes
What are the three types of point mutations?
Substitution, Insertion, Deletion
The name for a group of three nucleotides that is read together.
A codon.
What are the two types of nucleic acids used in cells?
DNA and RNA
This is the number of common amino acids.
What is 20?
Distinguish between gene and allele.
Genes are chunks of DNA that contribute to particular traits or functions. Alleles are different versions of a gene,
During meiosis, what are the two ways genetic variation is enhanced?
1) Crossing Over
2) Random & Independent Assortment
What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA using a DNA template?
RNA polymerase
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate.
This organelle is directly responsible for the synthesis of proteins.
What are ribosomes?
A zygote
Define "frameshift" mutation including the cause.
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read
The process by which an RNA message is converted to a chain of amino acids.
What is translation?
Name the two differences between RNA and DNA?
RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded.
RNA contains uracil, DNA contains thymine.
During what phase does crossing over occur and during what phase does random orientation/independent assortment occur?
Metaphase I
What information does a pedigree provide?
Pedigrees are used to analyze the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait throughout a family. Pedigrees show the presence or absence of a trait as it relates to the relationship among parents, offspring, and siblings.
What are the four different ways genetic variation is created?
1. Mutations 2. Gene Flow 3. Meiosis 4. Sexual Reproduction
Describe the two majors steps and locations involved in gene expression.
1) Transcription - in the nucleus
2) Translation - on the ribosome in the cytoplasm
These are all of the nitrogenous bases.
What are adenine, thymine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine?
If the egg parent is homozygous for a gene, and the sperm parent is heterozygous for a gene, what are the odds their offspring is heterozygous for a gene?
50%
Describe 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis.
1) Mitosis consists of one stage whereas meiosis consists of two stages.
2) Mitosis produces diploid cells (46 chromosomes) whereas meiosis produces haploid cells (23 chromosomes).
3)Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells whereas meiosis produces four genetically different daughter cells.
4) Mitosis is for growth and repair of somatic cells, whereas Meiosis is to produce gametes (sperm + egg).
A cell has 3 pairs of chromosomes. How many possible combinations of chromosomes will there be in the gametes?
2n = 6 and n = 3.
2n = 23 = 2 X 2 X 2 = 8 possible combinations of chromosomes in the gametes.
Transcribe and translate this sequence: TACACAGATATAATT
Met-Cys-Leu-Tyr
In the DNA double helix, describe the difference between purines and pyrimidines.
The purines (adenine and guanine) have a two-ringed structure.The pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil, and thymine) only have one single ring.