Bacteria
What are bacterial cell walls made of?
peptidoglycan
True/False. Archaea and viruses are both considered prokaryotes.
False - viruses are not cells at all
animal-like protists are known as what?
protozoa
Why are slime molds considered "fungus-like"?
they absorb nutrients instead of photosynthesizing or eating other organisms
How do bacteria reproduce?
binary fission
If a bacteria dies when it is not in the presence of oxygen, what is it called?
obligate aerobe
What is the protein coat on the outside of a virus known as?
capsid
how do sarcodines move?
pseudopods
What are cilia?
short hair-like projections used by protists like ciliates to feed and move
what are hyphae?
thin filaments produced by water molds (oomycetes)
If a bacteria produces its own food through photosynthesis and consumes organic material, it is known as what?
photohetereotroph
Why are viruses not considered living things?
because they cannot reproduce, grow, or take in nutrients without the use of another cell
Which animal-like protist has no ability to move on its own?
sporozoan
What are plasmodia?
a structure with many nuclei made when slime mold cells fuse together into one thing
Which of the protists are most similar to an actual fungus?
oomycetes or water molds
What is conjugation?
when a bacteria uses a hollow tube to connect to another bacteria and shares genetic info
Name 3 differences between archaea and bacteria.
- archaea cell walls are not made of peptidoglycan
- archaea have different membrane lipids
- archaea DNA is closer to eukaryotic DNA
- archaea can live in extreme environments
If a protist is a heterotroph and swims using a flagella, what type of protist is it?
zooflagellate
What 2 pigments are in red algae?
chlorophyll and phycobilins
What is a fruiting body?
part of the slime mold that scatters spores for reproduction
What are 2 roles of bacteria in the ecosystem?
decomposing materials to recycle nutrients and fixing nitrogen to make it usable for plants
Explain the difference between the lytic and lysogenic infection.
lytic - virus invades the cell and causes the cell to manufacture many viral particles that self-assemble and burst out of the cell
lysogenic - the virus invades the cell and incorporates its DNA into the DNA of the host (prophage), these cells are reproduced before undergoing the lytic cycle
Name the 4 phyla of unicellular algae.
euglenophytes, chrysophytes, diatoms, and dinoflagellates
Name 1 similarity and 2 differences between euglenophytes and chrysophytes
- they are both unicellular algae, they both photosynthesize
- chrysophytes have gold-colored chloroplasts
- euglenophytes have two flagella
- releasing toxins
- breaking down cells and tissues for food