Mutations
Define a mutagen and give an example.
A mutagen is a substance that may cause mutation, examples can be some drugs, alcohol, some viruses, ionizing radiation, and UV light
T/F:
A catalyst is a substance which can speed up a reaction without becoming a product.
True
What are proteins made of.
Polymers& Monomers
Can DNA replication make 3+ copies?
No, only two.
How many individual chromosomes do humans have, and how many pairs.
46, and 23 pairs.
T/F:
A mutation is a sudden, temporary change in the DNA nucleotide base sequence of an organism.
False,
A mutation is a sudden, permanent change in the DNA nucleotide base sequence of an organism.
What is a model commonly used to describe the relationship between a substrate and an enzyme?
The Lock & Key Model.
What are the two protein shapes?
Fibrous protein and globular protiens.
How many models of DNA replication are there? Name them.
3, The Dispersive Model, The Conservative Model,The Semi-conservative Model.
Whats the longest stage that the cell spends its time in?
Interphase, for 90% of its time.
The doubling of chromosomes in a hybrid species
What is Amphiploidy
How is an enzyme named?
An enzyme is typically named after the substance it catalyzes, by having the suffix "-ase".
How do proteins function in the body?
Possible answers: Transport, structures/mechanical, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, pumps, pH balance and fluid balance.
T/F: DNA ligase helps unwind and reduce the strain on DNA.
DNA Gyrase helps unwind and reduce the strain on DNA.
Tetrads
Give one example of a mutation that can occur in a human body.
Possible Answer: Sickle Cell, answers may vary
State the differences between an Anabolic enzyme and a Catabolic enzymes.
Catabolic enzymes take large molecules and break them into smaller ones, Anabolic enzymes take small molecules and build larger ones.
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation, elongation, termination
What are the 3 steps of DNA Replication.
initiation,elongation and termination.
What is the complementary sequence for the DNA strand AATGTGTATA?
TTACACATAT.
Make your own chromosome sequence with genes being represented as numbers. Using that chain, show examples of deletion, insertion, and translocation.
Answers may vary
Describe the enzyme shape and how it changes for a substrate, and what will happen if the temperature is too high.
The enzyme shape changes using an induced fit. If the temperature is too high, the reaction rate declines, resulting in the enzyme to unfold and stop functioning.
( bonus for naming optimal temperature/ when it unfolds)
Fill in the blank:
The_____ molecule is released from
the ____ and refilled for later
use.
tRNA, Ribosome
Order these.
Helicase separates DNA
RNA Primer is removed.
RNA primer is built
DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments
DNA strand is built.
DNA gyrase helps unwind the DNA
1. DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments
2. RNA Primer is removed
3. DNA strand is built
4. RNA primer is built
6. Helicase separates DNA
5. DNA gyrase helps unwind the DNA
Give a brief overview of what happens during Telophase II and Cytokinesis.
Cell membranes fully formed, new cells pinch away, 4 haploid daughter cells with unique genetic material, the cells are called gametes.