Definitions
The windpipe that extends from the larynx to the bronchi is called the esophagus. (๐ฃ๐ป๐พ๐ฎ/๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ)
๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ. It is called the trachea; the esophagus is the food pipe where bolus travels down to the stomach in the digestive system. (yeayy :>)
What type of blood vessel are the alveoli closely pressed against?
Capillaries! :)
Nasal Cavity (good jobb guyss โก)
What is mucus made out of?
Mucin (you can do itt guyss ^^)
Cartilage rings are found in the trachea and bronchi. (๐ฃ๐ป๐พ๐ฎ/๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ)
๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ. The bronchi has irregular blocks of cartilage to protect it.
What system in our body is the gas exchange system related to? (exp. digestive system, nervous system)
Respiratory system! :)
How are alveoli adapted to have a large surface area : volume ratio?
There are millions of these tiny balloon-like structures in our lungs rather than one big block of an organ to support gas exchange. (woohoo โก)
The heart is a vital organ in the gas exchange system. (๐ฃ๐ป๐พ๐ฎ/๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ)
๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ. The lungs are a vital organ in the gas exchange system; the heart is part of the circulatory system. โค๏ธโฌ
Are goblet cells present in the lungs?
No. Their function is to prevent particles from entering the lungs.
Which structure cannot be found in this organ?
Goblet cells !!
What is cartilage?
A skeletal tissue that is strong and flexible. Cartilage rings can be found in the trachea while irregular blocks of cartilage can be found in the bronchi. (keep going guyss! โก )
How are the alveoli adapted to efficient gas exchange in relation to good blood supply?
Since the alveoli are closely pressed against the capillaries, the deoxygenated blood is continuously replaced when already replenished with oxygen from the lungs; this is to maintain a steep concentration gradient.หสโกษห
Which organ refers to a tissue flap that closes the trachea to prevent food travel down the windpipe?
Epiglottis!!
Which organelle is responsible for supplying the energy to uphold a rotational movement in the cilia hairs of ciliated epithelial cells?
Mitochondria! โชโชโค๏ธโฌ
Please describe two functions of cartilage rings.
1. Keeps the airway open wide
2. Keeps the air resistance/air pressure low
3. Prevents the trachea from collapsing as the pressure changes during breathing
What is a gas exchange surface and what is the gas exchange surface in humans and mammals?
A gas exchange surface refers to any part of an organism that allows the movement of gases between the surroundings and the body. Lungs or alveoli โก
During exercise, how do the elastic fibres relate to surface area? (this is kindaa hard hehe ^^)
The elastic fibres in the alveoli stretch and recoil; when exercising, the alveoli is fully expanded, and the surface area available for diffusion increases. :3
The pharynx is a part of the throat that contains the vocal box where vocal chords produce sounds. (๐ฃ๐ป๐พ๐ฎ/๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ)
๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ. This is the larynx; the pharynx on the other hand is a passageway in the throat that connects the oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus and larynx.
What is the function of the organelle in a goblet cell labelled X?
This is the golgi apparatus; it is responsible for binding the glycoproteins and the carbohydrate chains into mucin which is then used to produce mucus. :)
How do the smooth muscle support the bronchioles?
Bronchioles are surrounded by smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to adjust the diametre of the airways; the absence of cartilage makes this possible. (good jobb :>)
What does diffusion mean and how is it applied in our gas exchange system?
Diffusion refers to the transport/net movement of a substance from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down a concentration gradient; this refers to the oxygen being diffused from the alveoli into the capillaries and the carbon dioxide from the capillaries into the alveoli.
What is the function of surfactant?
The moisture film that helps to dissolve the gases produces surface tension between the gases and liquid. This may cause the alveoli to collapse; surfactant is a substance that reduces this surface tension. (almost there! ^^)
The diaphragm relaxes to allow the air to flow in during inhalation. (๐ฃ๐ป๐พ๐ฎ/๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ)
๐๐ช๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ. The diaphragm contracts and pulls down during inhalation in order to increase the size of the chest cavity. (keep goingg <3)
What happens to the goblet cells and the ciliated epithelial cells when a person has cystic fibrosis?
Cystic fibrosis is a disease where the goblet cells produce thick mucus that is not easily wafted by the ciliated epithelial cells. This makes the lungs drowned with mucus. (you can do itt !! :>)
What happens to the cartilage of a person with asthma?
Their cartilage rings collapse due to too much contractions, closing the diametre of the trachea. :) (nicee!)