Unit 1: Marathon Runner
A molecule found in many foods that stores chemical energy. It is just small enough to pass across the cell membrane (with help!).
What is glucose?
This body response to increased temperature can lower the body's surface temperature through evaporative cooling.
What is sweating?
This pandemic was an early example of widespread contagion where many people did not yet know about germ theory of disease transmission.
What is the Black Death?
The allele for lactose intolerance in adults is this because a person needs two copies of the allele in order to not express lactase.
What is recessive?
This girl from Japan moved to New York and felt sick after eating the school lunch (but her friends felt fine!)
Who is Kanna?
These gases are exchanged in the alveoli of the lungs. Blood cells deliver one of the dissolved gases to cells doing cellular respiration, while taking away another as waste product.
What are oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)?
This bodily response to excess heat loss generates more heat through the friction of the muscles.
What is shivering?
A population of multiple species of bacteria in a specific environment, like the human gut.
What is the Microbiome?
This describes a population starting with 50% dominant allele and 50% recessive allele changing to 46% dominant and 54% recessive over time.
What is genetic drift?
A protein that lowers the energy required for a chemical reaction.
What is an enzyme?
This cell structure allows some molecules to diffuse across it, but prevents others due to size or charge.
What is a semi-permeable membrane?
This category of response attempts to return some parameter to a set point.
What is negative feedback?
These two kinds of actions can be taken by agents in game theory, but also by bacteria.
What are cheating and cooperation?
The process of making gametes with 23 chromosomes from specialized body cells with 46 chromosomes.
What is meiosis?
This body of evidence demonstrates that because the human-built world is so different from the world that humans evolved in, we are more likely to develop chronic illnesses.
What is the Mismatch Theory?
The diffusion of water from high concentration to low concentration.
What is osmosis?
This parameter of the human body is not strongly affected by changes to the surface temperature because of thermoregulation.
What is core/internal temperature?
The reason that data linking shark attacks and ice cream sales is not actually something to be concerned about.
What is "Correlation does not imply causation"
While they may only be 3% of the total DNA, these areas contain the exact instructions to build amino acid sequences and, therefore, the proteins that make you you.
What are coding regions?
A hormone released by full fat cells. The absence of this hormone should trigger hunger. Under normal circumstances, buildup of this hormone should trigger reduced eating.
What is leptin?
Neurons in the brain depend on dissolved salts in the extra-cellular environment but drinking too much water can lower the overall salt concentration. When the Marathon Runner's extracellular environment became this, is caused her neurons to malfunction and she went into a coma.
What is hypotonic?
Warm blood is routed to this these narrow vessels close to the skin surface to allow more heat loss, leading to red cheeks, ears, and palms.
What are capillaries?
This slimy substance is made of bacteria that work together to survive and thrive even in harsh environments.
What is biofilm?
Lactase breaks down lactose into these two smaller molecules which can be absorbed by the villi in the small intestine to the bloodstream.
What are glucose and galactose?
These sleep/wake cycles closely match the day/night cycles on planet Earth, but can be disrupted by modern living which includes bright screens, caffeine, and noise pollution.
What are circadian rhythms?