Cell Theory History
He observed dead cork tissue in 1665 and named the spaces he saw "cells."
Who is Robert Hooke?
The "powerhouse of the cell" where cellular respiration happens, and ATP is produced.
What is the mitochondria?
Transport that requires NO extra energy because molecules move from high to low concentration.
What is passive transport?
The two purposes of the cell cycle.
What are growth and repair?
Uncontrolled cell division.
What is cancer?
This Dutch scientist observed living "animalcules" (bacteria and protozoa) in pond water.
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?
Organelle found ONLY in animal cells that breaks down dead material and can perform apoptosis.
What are lysosomes?
The diffusion of water across a membrane.
What is osmosis?
During this phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs.
What is S phase?
Programmed cell death; example: webbed fingers and toes during development.
What is apoptosis?
In 1838, this scientist concluded that all plants are made of cells.
Who is Matthias Schleiden?
This organelle makes proteins and is found on the Rough ER and floating in cytoplasm.
What are ribosomes?
In this type of solution, water moves OUT of the cell and the cell shrivels.
What is a hypertonic solution?
Phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Critical points in the cell cycle where "stop" and "go" signals regulate the cycle.
What are checkpoints?
He concluded animals are made of cells and discovered the myelin sheath.
Who is Theodor Schwann?
Plant cells ONLY: one massive structure used for storage of water and nutrients.
What is the central vacuole?
White blood cells engulfing bacteria is an example of this active transport process.
What is endocytosis?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell during this phase
What is anaphase?
Cancer-causing agents, like tobacco smoke and asbestos, that mutate DNA.
What are carcinogens?
This scientist popularized omnis cellula e cellula — all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Who is Rudolf Virchow?
This organelle processes, sorts, and ships proteins using vesicles like "mini-carts."
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Molecular pumps use ATP to move ions like Na⁺ and K⁺ in this direction relative to the concentration gradient.
What is against the gradient — low to high concentration?
In animal cells, cytokinesis forms this "pinching" structure; in plant cells, a cell plate forms instead.
What is a cleavage furrow?
A tumor whose cells break away and spread to other parts of the body — the spreading is called this.
What is malignant; metastasize?