Enzymes
Describe how temperature and pH affects enzyme activity
Enzymes have optimal temperature and pH, outside this temperature activity slows and enzymes can denature
Identify one way CRISPR-Cas9 technology can improve photosynthesis
Modifying C3 plants ability for photorespiration etc.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Define IV and DV
IV - variable that changes between groups
DV - variable that is measured
What is the name of Harry Potter's owl?
Hedwig
Describe how enzymes affect the activation energy required for cellular processes
Enzymes lower activation energy
Describe the role of light in photosynthesis
How many ATP are produced at each stage?
Glycolysis - 2 ATP
Kreb's Cycle - 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain - 26 or 28 ATP
List 2 controlled variables for the pracs we have done so far
AND identify the control groups for each prac
Answer varies :)
Name the 4 Hogwarts houses
Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff and Slytherin
Describe how enzyme concentration and substrate concentration affect enzyme activity
Increasing enzyme concentration will increase enzyme activity exponentially. Increasing substrate concentration will increase enzyme activity till the point of enzyme saturation (in which the rate plateaus)
Describe the general process of the light dependent reaction
Light is used to split H2O into H and O2.
H load up onto NADP+ to become NADPH
Movement of H provides energy for ATPSynthase to make ATP.
Describe the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic - requires oxygen, glycolysis, kreb's cycle and electron transport chain occur, 30 or 32 ATP produced per glucose molecule
Anaerobic - occurs in the absence of oxygen, only glycolysis and then fermentation occurs, lactic and acid is produced at the end of fermentation in animals, ethanol and CO2 are produced by fermentation in yeast
Write a hypothesis for an experiment in which you are testing the affect of pH on enzyme activity.
If pH affects enzyme activity, then as pH increases, enzyme activity decreases.
Who is the ghost that haunts the girls' bathroom in Harry Potter?
Moaning Myrtle
What is the role of co-enzymes in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
To carry hydrogen/electrons/protons between stages
Describe the general process of the light independent reaction
C from CO2 enters the Calvin Cycle
Some O2 released
NADPH unloads H into Calvin Cycle
C is fixed by RuBisCo with H and O2 to form C6H12O6
Remaining O2 bind to H to form harmless water
Describe the general process of glycolysis and the link reaction.
Glucose is broken down by enzymes into pyruvate.
This releases energy which joins 2ADP + Pi to make 2ATP
This also loads up NAD+ to form NADH
During the link reaction pyruvate joins to Co-Enzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA which enters the next stage of cellular respiration.
How can precision and reliability be increased in an experiment?
Increasing sample size and/or repeating trials to increase data set - this allows comparisons between collected results to see if they are similar (precision) which also increases the reliability (trustworthiness) of the results.
James and Lily
Draw a graph displaying the effect of competitive inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitors on enzyme activity.
Explain why there is a difference between the effect of competitive inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitors on enzyme activity.
Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site, therefore will reduce the rate of enzymes LESS than non-competitive inhibitors which bind to an allosteric site.
Describe the difference between C3, C4 and CAM plants.
C3 plants - no adaptations to high heat or water availability
C4 plants - separate stages by space (light dependent in mesophyll cells and light independent in bundle sheath) to minimise photorespiration in hot climates
CAM plants - separate stages over time (stomata open at night to exchange gases, stores CO2 in vacuole which is released into Calvin Cycle during the day when stomata are closed) to prevent water loss
Describe the general process of the Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Acetyl Co-A enters the Kreb's Cycle and is broken down by enzymes, CO2 is released.
Energy is released from this process which joins H onto NAD+ and FAD+ to form NADH and FADH2.
This also joins 2ADP + Pi to make 2ATP.
In the ETC, H is unloaded by NADH and FADH2 into the intermembrane space, which creates a H gradient.
This powers ATPSynthase to join 26 or 28 ADP + Pi to make 26 or 28 ATP.
Oxygen binds to H to form harmless water.
Identify an appropriate error and improvement for each of the pracs we have done
Answer varies :)
Name all the Weasley children (there are 7)
Ginny, Ron, Fred, George, Percy, Charlie, Bill