Bonds, Atoms
What is the basic unit of matter?
The Atom
What bond holds a single water molecule together?
Polar Covalent Bonds
How many bonds can carbon form?
4
What do you call the energy required to get a chemical reaction started?
activation energy
Does an acid have a LOW or HIGH pH value?
LOW
What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom and their respective charges?
Protons (positive), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative).
What bond holds multiple water molecules together?
hydrogen bonds
this is the repeating unit that makes up polymers
monomers
What are the two roles of an enzyme in a reaction?
1. lowering the activation energy
2. speeding up the reaction
A base is a compound that adds negatively charged ions: _________ to a liquid.
Hydroxides or OH- ions
A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom is called a chemical ______________.
Element
This property of water describes waters attraction to other molecules of water
Cohesion
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy
This type of reaction joins monomers and creates a polymer, releasing a water molecule in that process.
Dehydration Synthesis or Condensation
An acid is a compound that adds positively charged ions: ______ to a liquid
Hydrogen Ions or H+
This is when atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons.
Isotope
This property of water is a result of cohesion + adhesion and describes waters tendency to shrink to its minimal surface area size and be able to support lightweight objects on the surface
Surface Tension
What is the monomer for lipids?
Fatty acids
Enzymes help speed up biological reactions. What type of macromolecule are they?
Proteins
This is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base and is capable of resisting changes in pH
Buffer
Covalent bonds
This property of water is responsible for why your cells may expand and be destroyed when you get frostbite
Anomolous expansion of water
List the two macromolecules that require elements besides C, H and O and write what those other elements ARE.
nucleic acids - CHO and P and N
Proteins - CHO and N
What type of chemical reaction breaks down a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule?
Hydrolysis
What is the primary function of buffers in living organisms?
maintain homeostasis by stabilizing the pH of solutions in the body, specifically blood