Codons
Each codon is a set of ____ nucleotides
3
DNA --> (m)RNA --> Proteins
Anything in the environment that can cause a mutation is referred to as a...?
Mutagen
What is Chargaff's rule in DNA?
Amount of C always equals the amount of G
Define Bacteriophage.
Virus that infects bacteria
If the codon for Methionine (the START codon) is AUG, what is the anticodon?
UAC
Going from mRNA to protein is called what?
Translation
Which horrible, nuclear event occurred in the 1980s and demonstrated the cancerous effects of nuclear radiation?
Chernobyl
If an organism's genome contains 20% Guanine, what percentage of it's genome will contain Adenine?
30%
What is the name for the coding region of DNA?
Exons
The GGG codon that codes for Glycine is replaced with the GGC codon that also codes for Glycine. What kind of point mutation has occurred?
Silent mutation
During which stage of transcription does the RNA polymerase hit a a "stop" sequence, and the mRNA detaches from the DNA?
Termination
Which chromosomal alteration occurs when a portion of the chromosome is accidentally repeated multiple times?
Duplication
Identify the 3 molecules that make up a nucleotide of DNA.
Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Phosphate groups
Nitrogenous (Nitrogen-containing) base
- either Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, or Cytosine
In Eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs where?
Nucleus
The CAG codon spontaneously mutates to CCG. This is an example of what kind of spontaneous mutation?
Transversion
What molecules are needed to make sure that the correct proteins are made when and where they are needed?
Regulatory proteins
This type of mutation occurs in body cells and cannot be passed on to an organism's offspring.
Somatic
How many hydrogen bonds are present between adenine and thymine?
2 Hydrogen bonds
This scientist coined the term "transformation."
Frederick Griffith
The codon is found on the _____ RNA, while the anticodon is found on the ______ RNA.
(m) messenger; (t) transfer
Regulatory proteins that bind to cis-regulatory elements and turn a gene "off" are referred to as..?
Repressors
Describe the example of a beneficial mutation that we discussed in class on Thursday?
Bacteria can gain mutations (adapt) that allow them to survive in the presence of deadly antibiotics
Describe the semiconservative model of DNA replication.
Two new daughter molecules each contain one strand from the parent molecule and one strand of new bases
Name two distinct differences between DNA and RNA
1. RNA is smaller/shorter. (DNA is larger/longer)
2. RNA contains Uracil, DNA contains Thymine
3. RNA is single stranded. DNA is double stranded
4. RNA has a ribose sugar. DNA has a Deoxyribose sugar