Cell Cycle Basics
What is the cell cycle?
The process a cell goes through to grow and divide
What are the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can become different cell types
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining stable internal conditions
What is cellular transport?
Movement of substances in/out of a cell
What are the three main parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg cell
What is a feedback mechanism?
A system that regulates body conditions
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
Passive = no energy, Active = requires ATP (energy)
What are the three stages of interphase?
G1, S, G2
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
If all cells have the same DNA, why are they different?
Gene Expression: Different genes are turned on/off
What are the three parts of a feedback system?
Receptor, Control Center, Effector
In passive transport, do particles move high → low or low → high?
High → Low
During which stage does the cell spend most of its time?
Interphase
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart
What is gene expression?
The process of using DNA to make proteins
What happens if mutations are not caught by checkpoints?
Cancer or uncontrolled cell growth
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a membrane
What happens during S phase?
DNA is replicated
How are daughter cells related to the parent cell after mitosis?
Genetically identical
How do proteins determine a cell’s structure and function?
Proteins control cell activities and shape
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution?
Hypertonic: cell shrinks
Hypotonic: cells swells