DNA vs RNA
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
Miscellaneous
100
This is the difference in SHAPE between DNA and RNA
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
100
Transcription is the passing of information from _____ --> ______ and takes place in the _________ (in Eukaryotes)
Transcription is the passing of information from DNA --> RNA and takes place in the NUCLEUS (in Eukaryotes)
100
This is the location of Translation
The Ribosome
100
These are the two different types of frameshift mutations
Insertion and deletion
(These both have a large impact on the protein structure because they shift the reading frame leading to completely different codons following the point of insertion or deletion.)
100
This is the location of transcription in PROKARYOTES
The cytoplasm
200
This is the monomer of all nucleic acids
Nucleotide
200
Which type of RNA is made during transcription?
mRNA (or Messenger RNA)
200
This is the start Codon for all proteins and the resulting amino acid:
AUG which codes for MET
200
This is the name of a mutation that leads to a premature stop codon
Substitution/point mutation: Nonsense
(As a reminder, point mutation and substitution are the same thing and refer to a boarder category. For mutation identifications you need to name the specific type of substitution.)
200
Name a difference between DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: Circular Eukaryotes: Linear
Prokaryotes: Free-floating (cytoplasm) Eukaryotes: Nucleus
Prokaryotes: Less DNA Eukaryotes: More DNA
300
These are the bases that are DIFFERENT in DNA and RNA (full names - spelling doesn't count)
Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA
300
A Template DNA strand reading: TAC CCG ATT GAC would transcribe the following mRNA molecule:
mRNA: AUG GGC UAA CUG
300
This is the role of tRNA
It brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome by matching its anti-codon to the mRNA Codon
300
Define a silent mutation and how to recognize it
A silent mutation is a type of point mutation where one nucleotide is exchanged for another but it does NOT effect the resulting amino acid leading to the same protein structure in the end.
300
These are the 2 main categories of mutations AND how you can recognize the difference
Substitution: Number of bases doesn't change (one base is exchanged for another)
Frameshift: The number of bases changes (either inserted or deleted)
400
These are the different location of DNA and RNA in eukaryotes
DNA: Nucleus only
RNA: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome
400
This is the enzyme responsible for building the new mRNA molecule
RNA Polymerase
400
Translate the following mRNA Sequence :
AUG UAC GAU CGG UGA
MET TYR ASP ARG STOP
400
This is the type of mutation that causes sickle cell anemia
DNA: CTC Mutant: CAC
RNA: GAG Mutant: GUG
A.A: GLU Mutant: VAL
This is a substitution missense
(Only one nucleotide was exchanged for another and as a result a mistake in the translation was made leading to a completely different amino acid)
400
Create and example of a point mutation nonsense
Original mRNA: AUG UAC UUG
Original Amino Acid: Met Tyr Leu
Mutation mRNA: AUG UAA UUG
Mutation Amino Acid: Met STOP
500
Name 4 differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: Deoxyribose sugar RNA: Ribose Sugar
DNA: Double Stranded RNA: Single Stranded
DNA: Nucleus only RNA: Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome
DNA: A-T, C-G RNA: A-u, C-G
500
This is why transcription is necessary and explains why DNA cannot translate directly into proteins
DNA holds the instructions for protein synthesis but cannot leave the nucleus - transcription allows the info to be passed to the mRNA which CAN leave the nucleus and take the message to the ribosome which is responsible for protein synthesis
500
What type of mutation changes the original amino acid sequence: MET TYR ASP ARG STOP
To the following: MET LYS SER GLU ASP
Frameshift Mutation
500
Use the Codon chart to create your own nonsense mutation from the DNA:TAC ACC CCG
TAC ACT CCG
AUG UGA GGC
Met STOP
500
Describe Transcription and Translation in as much detail as possible
Response must include the following:
Transcription is the process of passing the information/message from the DNA to the mRNA in the nucleus. Translation is the process of an mRNA sequence coding for an Amino Acid Sequence at the ribosome.