Evolution Basics
Does evolution happen to individuals or populations?
Populations
What process causes advantageous traits to become more common?
Natural selection
What is the purpose of classifying organisms?
Organize and show relationships
What type of structures share a common ancestor?
Homologous structures
What is a species?
Organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring
What is evolution?
Change in a population over time
What happens to individuals with beneficial traits?
They survive and reproduce more
What are the two parts of a scientific name?
Genus & Species
What type of structures have similar function but different origin?
Analogous structures
What is speciation?
Formation of new species
What 2 most important things must exist in a population for evolution to occur?
*DAILY DOUBLE*
genetic variation + inheritance
A bodybuilder develops large muscles and has children. Will the children inherit this trait? Why or why not?
No- not heritable
What type of evidence is MOST important in modern classification?
DNA
What are leftover structures with little or no function called?
Vestigial structures
What is a mass extinction?
Many species die in a short period of time
Why can’t a single organism evolve?
It cannot pass traits across generations
A population of beetles all have identical genetics and color. Will natural selection occur? Why or why not?
No — no variation
What naming system uses two names?
Binomial Nomenclature
What do fossils show about life on Earth?
It changes over time
What type of speciation involves geographic separation?
Allopatric speciation
What did Darwin mean by “descent with modification”?
Species change from ancestors over time
Name the four conditions required for natural selection.
Variation / Heritability / Overproduction / Differential survival
What are the primary taxonomic hierarchy ranks from general to most specific?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
Organism A DNA: A T C G A T
Organism B DNA: A T G G A C
What is their percent similarity?
67%
Two populations become separated by a mountain. Over time, they can no longer reproduce. What has occurred?
Speciation