Mitosis/Meiosis
DNA Structure
Transcription/Translation
Anything Goes...
DO NOT ATTEMPT.
100
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase are all phases in which type of cell division?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Both Mitosis & Meiosis
c) Both Mitosis & Meiosis
100
DNA (as well as RNA) as both types of which macromolecule?
Nucleic acids
100
What is the name given to the sequence of 3 nucleotides used to code DNA and RNA?
Codon
100
What is a mutation? (+100 bonus points if you can provide BOTH causes of mutations)
A mutation is a change that occurs in a DNA sequence, either due to 1) mistakes when the DNA is copied (S-Interphase) or 2) as a result of environmental factors
100
What is the name given to a change in a DNA sequence (mutation) involving one or more nucleotide bases being added to the sequence.
Insertion
200
Which type of cell division undergoes a "crossover event" that causes genetic variation in the daughter cells?
Meiosis
200
In a sequence of DNA, the nucleotide base adenine (A) is present. What would be the nucleotide base paired with adenine?
Thymine (T)
200
The process of transcription involves "transcribing" a segment of DNA into _________.
mRNA
200
Cancer is a disease that causes which process to occur at a faster rate?
Cell cycle/cell division (mitosis)
200
What is the name given to the "preprogrammed cellular death" that occurs when the cell detects an "error" during a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
Apoptosis
300
How many daughter cells are generated through the process of Meiosis?
4 daughter cells
300
What are the 3 components (parts) of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, Deoxyribose (pentose sugar), nitrogen base
300
The process of translation involved "reading" a strand of mRNA in order to assemble chains of which monomer (building block of a macromolecule)?
Amino acids
300
A gene coding for nose shape has a dominant allele for round-shape noses (N) and a recessive allele for pointed noses (n).
If an organism is heterozygous (Nn), which of the two alleles will be expressed (visible trait)?
Round-shape nose (N), dominant allele
300
When a female organism undergoes Meiosis, what are the TWO types of gametes that are generated?
1 Ovum (egg) and 3 polar bodies
400
A parent cell has 40 chromosomes. If it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the daughter cells?
40 chromosomes (same amount as the parent cell)
400
DNA is described as having a "backbone" made of what nucleotide components (parts)?
Sugar-Phosphate
400
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
400
A gene coding for nose shape has a dominant allele for round-shape noses (N) and a recessive allele for pointed noses (n).
Based on the completed Punnett Square, what is the percent chance that an offspring would have a pointed nose (n)?
0% chance, no homozygous recessive (nn) genotype
400
In the process of translation, mRNA attaches to which organelle to be "read" for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
500
What is the name given to the chromosomes that participate in the "crossover" event of Meiosis?
Before crossover: Homologous pairs, homologous chromosomes
After crossover: Recombinant chromosomes
500
A sequence of nucleotide bases from a half-strand of DNA is shown below. What would be the commentary base pairs on the opposite half-stand of DNA?
A-A-C-T-G-C
T-T-G-A-C-G
500
A sequence of nucleotides on a strand of DNA are being transcribed into mRNA. What would be the complementary base pairs found on the mRNA strand?
DNA SequenceC-C-A-T-G-A
G-G-U-T-G-A
500
A segment of mRNA contains the codon "C-A-U". What is the amino acid this codon will code for?
His (histidine)
500
The building blocks of DNA and RNA, known as nucleotides, are made of which chemical elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
