Central Dogma and Cell Geography
This membrane bound organelle is where transcription takes place in eukaryotic cells, housing the master DNA blueprint
The nucleus
This nitrogenous base is present in RNA molecules but is absent in DNA
Uracil
This enzyme binds to DNA, separates the strands, and synthesizes a complementary mRNA transcript
RNA Polymerase
A three-base sequence on an mRNA strand that codes for a specific amino acid is known as this
Codon
Unspecialized cells capable of self-renewal and differentiating into specialized cell types are called this
Stem cells
This overall framework describes how genetic instructions flow from DNA to mRNA, which is then translated into polypeptide chains
Central Dogma of Biology
A complete nucleotide monomer consists of these three distinct chemical components[5]
A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
These covalent chemical bonds link adjacent amino acids together to build a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome
Peptide bonds
This universal mRNA start codon initiates translation and specifies the amino acid Methionine
AUG
Embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type in the human body are described as having this level of potency
Pluripotent
Because bacterial cells lack a nucleus, these two major stages of protein synthesis occur at the exact same time in the cytoplasm
Transcription and translation
In a DNA double helix, a Guanine base on one strand always forms a base pair with this complementary base on the opposite strand
Cytosine
This specific type of RNA carries an anticodon on one end and delivers a corresponding amino acid to the ribosome
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
The triplet of nitrogenous bases on a tRNA molecule that binds to a matching mRNA codon is called this[11]
Anticodon
During selective gene expression, chemical signals turn specific genes "ON" so the cell produces these molecules, which determine cell shape and function
Proteins
This cellular organelle reads mRNA codons and serves as the assembly site where amino acids are linked into proteins
Ribosome
Unlike double-stranded DNA which remains inside the nucleus, this single-stranded molecule carries genetic instructions out to the cytoplasm
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
If a template strand of DNA reads 3'-A-C-T-5', transcription will produce an mRNA strand with this base sequence?
5'-U-G-A-3'
If an mRNA codon is 5'-G-C-U-3', the complementary tRNA anticodon that pairs with it is this?
3'-C-G-A-5'
Adult stem cells found in bone marrow or skin are classified as this potency level because they can only replace a limited range of closely related cell types
Multipotent
This specific segment of DNA contains the nucleotide sequence needed to code for a single functional protein
Gene
This 5-carbon sugar is found in the nucleotide backbone of RNA, distinguishing it from the deoxyribose in DNA
Ribose
This type of RNA forms the structural components of ribosomes and helps catalyze peptide bond formation
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Because RNA uses 4 bases read in groups of three, there are this total number of possible codons in the genetic code
64
What will Ms. Cribbs have on her socks tomorrow for crazy sock day?
Tacos